Bo Yang

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that mixed afforestation promotes N retention from the sapling stage and that mixtures of native tree species instead of monocultures may reduce system N losses and thus lessen groundwater contamination due to N leaching.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that currently available methods provide a sophisticated toolbox to improve a synergistic understanding of forest multifunctionality, however, these methods require further adjustment to the specific requirements of structurally complex and long‐lived forest ecosystems.

TL;DR: Test the hypotheses that shrub survival differs between the 10 planted shrub species, with lower survival rates of late- than early-successional species and is affected by environmental conditions, such as topography and top soil characteristics, as well as by biotic factors, represented by tree, shrub and herb layer characteristics.

TL;DR: The results point to an important role of species-specific and density-dependent mechanisms in modifying the consequences of biodiversity loss on top-down effects in forest ecosystems, and indicate that low tree density reduced arthropod predator abundances and predation rates, but that negative effects were compensated for in more diverse tree mixtures by a functionally more diverse predator community.

TL;DR: The results show clear trends in prognosis for central giant cell replacement and suggest that the number of cells in the central nervous system decreasing with age and disease also decreases with age.