다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/%7Elatora/report_06.pdf

Complex networks: Structure and dynamics

Modern nanotechnology allows one to scale down various important devices (sensors, chips, fibers, etc.) and thus opens up new horizons for their applications. The efficiency of most of them is based on fundamental physical phenomena, such as transport of wave excitations and resonances. Short propagation distances make phase-coherent processes of waves important. Often the scattering of waves involves propagation along different paths and, as a consequence, results in interference phenomena, where constructive interference corresponds to resonant enhancement and destructive interference to resonant suppression of the transmission. Recently, a variety of experimental and theoretical work has revealed such patterns in different physical settings. The purpose of this review is to relate resonant scattering to Fano resonances, known from atomic physics. One of the main features of the Fano resonance is its asymmetric line profile. The asymmetry originates from a close coexistence of resonant transmission and resonant reflection and can be reduced to the interaction of a discrete (localized) state with a continuum of propagation modes. The basic concepts of Fano resonances are introduced, their geometrical and/or dynamical origin are explained, and theoretical and experimental studies of light propagation in photonic devices, charge transport through quantum dots, plasmon scattering in Josephson-junction networks, and matter-wave scattering in ultracold atom systems, among others are reviewed.

/pdf/fano-resonances-in-nanoscale-structures-2c8qeas3bm.pdf

Fano resonances in nanoscale structures

The synchronization of chaotic systems

tities that can be introduced to describe the speed at which a light pulse moves through a material system.2 This confusing situation arises from the fact that a pulse propagating through any material system will experience some level of distortion — e.g., it spreads out in time and reshapes — and, hence, a single velocity cannot be used to describe the motion of the pulse. Probably the most familiar such quantity is the phase velocity of light. Consider a continuous-wave monochromatic (single frequency) beam of light of frequency ωc; the electromagnetic field oscillates rapidly (the oscillation period is ∼1.8 fs for green light). The phase velocity υp describes the speed at which the crests of these oscillations propagate, as shown in Figure 1. In a material system characterized by the frequency-dependent index of refractions n(ω), the phase velocity is defined as:

Fast Light, Slow Light and Optical Precursors: What Does It All Mean?

3D modelling of radiative heat transfer in circulating fluidized bed combustors: influence of the particulate composition

Numerous studies based on the spectral analysis of diastolic sounds showed an increase in the high frequency portion of the spectrum for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with normal patients. The overall goal of this study is to detect the presence of coronary artery disease in patients using a noninvasive and inexpensive approach. A commercially available electronic stethoscope was used to record the diastolic heart sounds from patients diagnosed with or without CAD based on their coronary angiography examination. The Fast Fourier Transform, a widely used signal processing method, was then implemented on the diastolic segments. The power ratios of the energy above 130 Hz to the energy below 130 Hz were calculated for normal and abnormal patients and compared. Results furthermore confirmed that patients with CAD have more energy in the higher portion of their spectrum, resulting in higher power ratios than for normal patients (p < 0.05). This approach led to a sensitivity of 71%, a specificity of 83% and an overall accuracy of 73.3% using an optimal threshold ratio of 1.5. These results suggest that the proposed system could be used in clinics as part of standard physical examinations.

Spectral Analysis of Heart Sounds Associated With Coronary Occlusions

The superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) is a leading technology for quantum information science applications using photons, and they are finding increasing uses in photon-starved classical imaging applications. Critical detector characteristics, such as timing resolution (jitter), reset time and maximum count rate, are heavily influenced by the readout electronics that sense and amplify the photon detection signal. We describe a readout circuit for SNSPDs using commercial off-the-shelf amplifiers operating at cryogenic temperatures. Our design demonstrates a 35 ps timing resolution and a maximum count rate of over 2x10^7 counts per second while maintaining <3 mW power consumption per channel, making it suitable for a multichannel readout.

Scalable Cryogenic Read-out Circuit for a Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector System

Restitution, the characteristic shortening of action potential duration (APD) with increased heart rate, has been studied extensively because of its purported link to the onset of fibrillation. Restitution is often represented in the form of mapping models where APD is a function of previous diastolic intervals (DIs) and/or APDs, A(n+1)=F(D(n),A(n),D(n-1),A(n-1),...), where A(n+1) is the APD following a DI given by D(n). The number of variables previous to D(n) determines the degree of memory in the mapping model. Recent experiments have shown that mapping models should contain at least three variables (D(n),A(n),D(n-1)) to reproduce a restitution portrait (RP) that is qualitatively similar to that seen experimentally, where the RP shows three different types of restitution curves (RCs) [dynamic, S1-S2, and constant-basic cycle length (BCL)] simultaneously. However, an interpretation of the different RCs has only been presented in detail for mapping models of one and two variables. Here we present an analysis of the different RCs in the RP for mapping models with an arbitrary amount of memory. We determine the number of variables necessary to represent the different RCs in the RP. We also present a graphical visualization of these RCs. Our analysis reveals that the dynamic and S1-S2 RCs reside on two-dimensional surfaces, and therefore provide limited information for mapping models with more than two variables. However, constant-BCL restitution is a feature of the RP that depends on higher dimensions and can possibly be used to determine a lower bound on the dimensionality of cardiac dynamics.

https://www.phy.duke.edu/~qelectron/pubs/Chaos15_023701.pdf

Daniel J. Gauthier

Papers

Fast Light, Slow Light and Optical Precursors: What Does It All Mean?

3D modelling of radiative heat transfer in circulating fluidized bed combustors: influence of the particulate composition

Spectral Analysis of Heart Sounds Associated With Coronary Occlusions

Scalable Cryogenic Read-out Circuit for a Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector System

Restitution in mapping models with an arbitrary amount of memory