다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/%7Elatora/report_06.pdf

Complex networks: Structure and dynamics

Modern nanotechnology allows one to scale down various important devices (sensors, chips, fibers, etc.) and thus opens up new horizons for their applications. The efficiency of most of them is based on fundamental physical phenomena, such as transport of wave excitations and resonances. Short propagation distances make phase-coherent processes of waves important. Often the scattering of waves involves propagation along different paths and, as a consequence, results in interference phenomena, where constructive interference corresponds to resonant enhancement and destructive interference to resonant suppression of the transmission. Recently, a variety of experimental and theoretical work has revealed such patterns in different physical settings. The purpose of this review is to relate resonant scattering to Fano resonances, known from atomic physics. One of the main features of the Fano resonance is its asymmetric line profile. The asymmetry originates from a close coexistence of resonant transmission and resonant reflection and can be reduced to the interaction of a discrete (localized) state with a continuum of propagation modes. The basic concepts of Fano resonances are introduced, their geometrical and/or dynamical origin are explained, and theoretical and experimental studies of light propagation in photonic devices, charge transport through quantum dots, plasmon scattering in Josephson-junction networks, and matter-wave scattering in ultracold atom systems, among others are reviewed.

/pdf/fano-resonances-in-nanoscale-structures-2c8qeas3bm.pdf

Fano resonances in nanoscale structures

The synchronization of chaotic systems

In the last 10 years, technology that can encode information onto pulses of light and then send it around the globe through ultra-thin glass fibres has revolutionized the way we communicate. With the pulses travelling at speeds of up to 200 000kms-1, and suffering very little attenuation, someone in New York can have a telephone conversation with someone in Bangalore almost in real time, even though they are some 13 300 km apart. This is an excellent example of technology bringing people closer together and leading to a truly global economy.

Slow light brings faster communications

Comparison of microwave-assisted digestion procedures for total trace element content determination in calcareous soils

The Fenton–Karma model is a simplification of complex ionic models of cardiac membrane that reproduces quantitatively many of the characteristics of heart cells; its behavior is simple enough to be understood analytically. In this paper, a map is derived that approximates the response of the Fenton–Karma model to stimulation in zero spatial dimensions. This map contains some amount of memory, describing the action potential duration as a function of the previous diastolic interval and the previous action potential duration. Results obtained from iteration of the map and numerical simulations of the Fenton–Karma model are in good agreement. In particular, the iterated map admits different types of solutions corresponding to various dynamical behavior of the cardiac cell, such as 1:1 and 2:1 patterns.

/pdf/analysis-of-the-fenton-karma-model-through-an-approximation-3jf0oqj1ss.pdf

Analysis of the Fenton-Karma model through an approximation by a one-dimensional map.

Two-photon conical emission

We undertake a systematic study of the dynamics of Boolean networks to determine the origin of chaos observed in recent experiments. Networks with nodes consisting of ideal logic gates are known to display either steady states, periodic behaviour or an ultraviolet catastrophe where the number of logic-transition events circulating in the network per unit time grows as a power law. In an experiment, the non-ideal behaviour of the logic gates prevents the ultraviolet catastrophe and may lead to deterministic chaos. We identify certain non-ideal features of real logic gates that enable chaos in experimental networks. We find that short-pulse rejection and asymmetry between the logic states tend to engender periodic behaviour, at least for the simplest networks. On the other hand, we find that a memory effect termed ‘degradation’ can generate chaos. Our results strongly suggest that deterministic chaos can be expected in a large class of experimental Boolean-like networks. Such devices may find application in a variety of technologies requiring fast complex waveforms or flat power spectra, and can be used as a test-bed for fundamental studies of real-world Boolean-like networks.

Daniel J. Gauthier

Papers

Slow light brings faster communications

Comparison of microwave-assisted digestion procedures for total trace element content determination in calcareous soils

Analysis of the Fenton-Karma model through an approximation by a one-dimensional map.

Two-photon conical emission

On the origin of chaos in autonomous Boolean networks.