다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/%7Elatora/report_06.pdf

Complex networks: Structure and dynamics

Modern nanotechnology allows one to scale down various important devices (sensors, chips, fibers, etc.) and thus opens up new horizons for their applications. The efficiency of most of them is based on fundamental physical phenomena, such as transport of wave excitations and resonances. Short propagation distances make phase-coherent processes of waves important. Often the scattering of waves involves propagation along different paths and, as a consequence, results in interference phenomena, where constructive interference corresponds to resonant enhancement and destructive interference to resonant suppression of the transmission. Recently, a variety of experimental and theoretical work has revealed such patterns in different physical settings. The purpose of this review is to relate resonant scattering to Fano resonances, known from atomic physics. One of the main features of the Fano resonance is its asymmetric line profile. The asymmetry originates from a close coexistence of resonant transmission and resonant reflection and can be reduced to the interaction of a discrete (localized) state with a continuum of propagation modes. The basic concepts of Fano resonances are introduced, their geometrical and/or dynamical origin are explained, and theoretical and experimental studies of light propagation in photonic devices, charge transport through quantum dots, plasmon scattering in Josephson-junction networks, and matter-wave scattering in ultracold atom systems, among others are reviewed.

/pdf/fano-resonances-in-nanoscale-structures-2c8qeas3bm.pdf

Fano resonances in nanoscale structures

The synchronization of chaotic systems

In this article, we investigate a scheme for controlling the dynamics of a sheep heart during atrial fibrillation. It is desirable to devise such schemes because human atrial fibrillation can lead to a reduced quality of life and repeated hospitalizations. The experiments on sheep hearts serve as a model for human atrial fibrillation and hence successful control of in vivo sheep heart dynamics is the first step toward the development of an internal defibrillator for humans. The method is based on techniques developed by the nonlinear dynamics community for controlling chaos. It uses real-time measurements of the time interval between electrical depolarizations of the muscle at a single location on the heart to determine the time at which a small shock is applied to the tissue in an attempt to regularize the electrical depolarizations. The experiment is conducted with the chest open and a fine grid of electrodes placed on the outer surface of the heart to measure the electrical depolarizations as a function of time at numerous spatial locations to determine the effectiveness of control. We describe previous research on controlling cardiac dynamics using small shocks, our experimental methods, and our observations. We find that our control protocol is not effective in controlling the sheep heart dynamics in these preliminary experiments, and we suggest possible ways to improve the technique. Hence, this article serves as a progress report to stimulate future research.

https://www.phy.duke.edu/~qelectron/pubs/Chaos12952.pdf

Progress toward controlling in vivo fibrillating sheep atria using a nonlinear-dynamics-based closed-loop feedback method.

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of nitrides on fluidized particles

We explain in simple terms the behavior of two-photon lasers and describe recent results that have lead to the realization of the first continuous-wave two-photon optical laser. We stress the differences between one- and two-photon lasers to develop an appreciation of their dynamics and the difficulties associated with achieving two-photon lasing. It will be shown that the fundamental light-matter interactions give them a unique threshold behavior and that competing nonlinear optical processes make it difficult to achieve lasing. Finally, we describe a new class of driven-atom gain media that are ideally suited for constructing two-photon lasers.

The Two-Photon Laser

We study theoretically the propagation of a step-modulated optical field as it passes through a dispersive dielectric made up of a dilute collection of oscillators characterized by a single narrow-band resonance. The propagated field is given in terms of an integral of a Fourier type, which cannot be evaluated even for simple models of the dispersive dielectric. The fact that the oscillators have a low number density (dilute medium) and have a narrow-band resonance allows us to simplify the integrand. In this case, the integral can be evaluated exactly, although it is not possible using this method to separate out the transient part of the propagated field known as optical precursors. We also use an asymptotic method (saddle-point method) to evaluate the integral. The contributions to the integral related to the saddle points of the integrand give rise to the optical precursors. We obtain analytic expressions for the precursor fields and the domain over which the asymptotic method is valid. When combined to obtain the total transient field, we find that the agreement between the solutions obtained by the asymptotic and the exact methods is excellent. Our results demonstrate that precursors can persist for many nanoseconds and the chirp in the instantaneous frequency of the precursors can manifest itself in beats in the transmitted intensity. Our work strongly suggests that precursors have been observed in many previous experiments.

Daniel J. Gauthier

Papers

Progress toward controlling in vivo fibrillating sheep atria using a nonlinear-dynamics-based closed-loop feedback method.

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of nitrides on fluidized particles

The Two-Photon Laser

Accurate description of optical precursors and their relation to weak-field coherent optical transients

The kinetics of vaporization of a heavy metal from a fluidized waste by an inverse method