Global production of farmed fish and shellfish has more than doubled in the past 15 years. Many people believe that such growth relieves pressure on ocean fisheries, but the opposite is true for some types of aquaculture. Farming carnivorous species requires large inputs of wild fish for feed. Some aquaculture systems also reduce wild fish supplies through habitat modification, wild seedstock collection and other ecological impacts. On balance, global aquaculture production still adds to world fish supplies; however, if the growing aquaculture industry is to sustain its contribution to world fish supplies, it must reduce wild fish inputs in feed and adopt more ecologically sound management practices.

/pdf/effect-of-aquaculture-on-world-fish-supplies-28dlxwdzo7.pdf

Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies

The environmental fate of phthalate esters: A literature review

(2002). The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms. Reviews in Fisheries Science: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 113-390.

The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms

Vibrios are ubiquitous and abundant in the aquatic environment. A high abundance of vibrios is also detected in tissues and/or organs of various marine algae and animals, e.g., abalones, bivalves, corals, fish, shrimp, sponges, squid, and zooplankton. Vibrios harbour a wealth of diverse genomes as revealed by different genomic techniques including amplified fragment length polymorphism, multilocus sequence typing, repetetive extragenic palindrome PCR, ribotyping, and whole-genome sequencing. The 74 species of this group are distributed among four different families, i.e., Enterovibrionaceae, Photobacteriaceae, Salinivibrionaceae, and Vibrionaceae. Two new genera, i.e., Enterovibrio norvegicus and Grimontia hollisae, and 20 novel species, i.e., Enterovibrio coralii, Photobacterium eurosenbergii, V. brasiliensis, V. chagasii, V. coralliillyticus, V. crassostreae, V. fortis, V. gallicus, V. hepatarius, V. hispanicus, V. kanaloaei, V. neonatus, V. neptunius, V. pomeroyi, V. pacinii, V. rotiferianus, V. superstes, V. tasmaniensis, V. ezurae, and V. xuii, have been described in the last few years. Comparative genome analyses have already revealed a variety of genomic events, including mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, loss of genes by decay or deletion, and gene acquisitions through duplication or horizontal transfer (e.g., in the acquisition of bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands, and super-integrons), that are probably important driving forces in the evolution and speciation of vibrios. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics through the application of, e.g., microarrays will facilitate the investigation of the gene repertoire at the species level. Based on such new genomic information, the taxonomy and the species concept for vibrios will be reviewed in the next years.

Biodiversity of Vibrios

Preface. Selected Atomic Weights. Customary Metric Conversion Factors. 1. Water Quality and Aquaculture: Preliminary Considerations. 2. Ecology of Aquaculture Ponds. 3. Water Quality Requirements. 4. Water Use. 5. Liming. 6. Fertilization. 7. Aeration. 8. Water Circulation. 9. Turbidity and Appearance of Water. 10. Aquatic Weed Control. 11. Off-Flavors and Harmful Algae. 12. Pollution. 13. Chemical, Physical, and Biological Treatments. 14. Waste Management. 15. Measurement of Water Quality. 16. Sustainability and Environmental Issues. References. Index.

Pond aquaculture water quality management

Clinical signs and lesions of Taura syndrome virus (TSV) infection in Penaeus monodon have not been documented although the virus has been detected in this shrimp species by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This study provides the first evidence of TSV infection in P. monodon by histological and in situ hybridization (ISH) analyses. We performed experimental bioassays with groups of P. monodon using inocula of P. monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei (Th04PmTSV and Th04LvTSV, respectively), which were collected from Thailand in 2004 and found to be positive for TSV by RT-PCR. Samples of shrimp for histological and ISH analyses were collected on Days 2, 14, and 28 post-inoculation. Mortality among TSV-inoculated P. monodon appeared on Day 3, with 2 out of 10 shrimp dying. Severe necrosis of cuticular epithelial cells and lymphoid organ spheroids, indicative of acute and chronic phase lesions of TSV infection, respectively, were detected in the samples. Sequence analyses of the capsid protein 2 (CP2) gene showed that Th04PmTSV and Th04LvTSV isolates were different; however, both belonged to a phylogenetic family of Asian TSV isolates. The results of this study demonstrated that both mortality and histological lesions are associated with TSV infection in P. monodon.

https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2005/67/d067p001.pdf

Experimental infection of Penaeus monodon with Taura syndrome virus (TSV).

1. 1. This study tested the hypothesis that black death, the ascorbic acid (AsA) related disease of penaeid shrimp, is related to collagen underhydroxylation. 2. 2. Collagen measured as hydroxyproline (HYP) in healthy Penaeus californiensis (Holmes) and P. stylirostris (Stimpson) of a wide range of masses was determined. The results revealed a logarithmic relationship between total body collagen HYP and body weight fitting the equation y = 90× 1.18 where y = total collagenous HYP (μg) and x = body weight (g). 3. 3. Shrimp tissues most subject to mechanical trauma (subcutis, hindgut and gills) had the highest collagenous HYP levels and were most consistently and severely affected by an ascorbic acid (AsA) deficiency disease. 4. 4. Prolyl hydroxylase (PH) activity was demonstrated in tissues of P. californiensis and P. stylirostris by hydroxylation of [3,4- 3 H]proline. 5. 5. AsA was required for shrimp PH activity using a chicken embryo substrate. 6. 6. Nutritional trials revealed that dietary AsA was required for proline hydroxylation in collagen formation in P. californiensis .

Ascorbic acid-dependent collagen formation in penaeid shrimp.

Evaluation of the preservation of shrimp samples with Davidson’s AFA fixative for infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) in situ hybridization

A Putative Iridovirus from the Penaeid Shrimp Protrachypene precipua Burkenroad (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Cellular inflammatory response of Penaeus aztecus and P. setiferus to the pathogenic fungus, Fusarium sp., isolated from the California brown shrimp, P. californiensis

Donald V. Lightner

Papers

Experimental infection of Penaeus monodon with Taura syndrome virus (TSV).

Ascorbic acid-dependent collagen formation in penaeid shrimp.

Evaluation of the preservation of shrimp samples with Davidson’s AFA fixative for infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) in situ hybridization

A Putative Iridovirus from the Penaeid Shrimp Protrachypene precipua Burkenroad (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Cellular inflammatory response of Penaeus aztecus and P. setiferus to the pathogenic fungus, Fusarium sp., isolated from the California brown shrimp, P. californiensis