다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

https://www.cell.com/trends/plant-science/pdf/S1360-1385(02)02251-3.pdf

GATEWAY vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation.

The regulation of oxidative stress is an important factor in both tumour development and responses to anticancer therapies. Many signalling pathways that are linked to tumorigenesis can also regulate the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through direct or indirect mechanisms. High ROS levels are generally detrimental to cells, and the redox status of cancer cells usually differs from that of normal cells. Because of metabolic and signalling aberrations, cancer cells exhibit elevated ROS levels. The observation that this is balanced by an increased antioxidant capacity suggests that high ROS levels may constitute a barrier to tumorigenesis. However, ROS can also promote tumour formation by inducing DNA mutations and pro-oncogenic signalling pathways. These contradictory effects have important implications for potential anticancer strategies that aim to modulate levels of ROS. In this Review, we address the controversial role of ROS in tumour development and in responses to anticancer therapies, and elaborate on the idea that targeting the antioxidant capacity of tumour cells can have a positive therapeutic impact.

Modulation of oxidative stress as an anticancer strategy.

Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system.

The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase as a key regulator of cellular signaling pathways

In this chapter we describe strategies to produce synthetic selenoproteins, with a focus on recombinant selenoprotein production in E. coll. We further discuss the possible use of selenocysteine (Sec) in proteins for biotechnological applications. Such applications are based upon either the introduction of a selenium isotope, with specific characteristics such as high-energy radioactivity (as for 75Se and 73Se) or nuclear spin (77Se), or on the high reactivity of the nucleophilic Sec residue enabling site-specific conjugation-based applications with electrophilic ligands. Utilization of Sec insertion for protein purification or detection purposes has recently been demonstrated in a number of different experimental systems and we envision that further such applications will be developed in the near future.

Biotechnology of selenocysteine

The role of thioredoxin reductase 1 in cancer

The anticancer compounds auranofin, TRi-1 and TRi-2 have distinct cytotoxicity profiles with regards to thioredoxin reductase inhibition

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing global concern that has led to the search for new antibacterial agents with novel targets or non-traditional approaches. Recently, organogold compounds have emerged as a promising class of antibacterial agents. In this study, we present and characterize a (C^S)-cyclometallated Au(III) dithiocarbamate complex as a potential drug candidate. Methods and results The Au(III) complex was found to be stable in the presence of effective biological reductants, and showed potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against a wide range of multidrug-resistant strains, particularly gram-positive strains, and gram-negative strains when used in combination with a permeabilizing antibiotic. No resistant mutants were detected after exposing bacterial cultures to strong selective pressure, indicating that the complex may have a low propensity for resistance development. Mechanistic studies indicate that the Au(III) complex exerts its antibacterial activity through a multimodal mechanism of action. Ultrastructural membrane damage and rapid bacterial uptake suggest direct interactions with the bacterial membrane, while transcriptomic analysis identified altered pathways related to energy metabolism and membrane stability including enzymes of the TCA cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis. Enzymatic studies further revealed a strong reversible inhibition of the bacterial thioredoxin reductase. Importantly, the Au(III) complex demonstrated low cytotoxicity at therapeutic concentrations in mammalian cell lines, and showed no acute in vivo toxicity in mice at the doses tested, with no signs of organ toxicity. Discussion Overall, these findings highlight the potential of the Au(III)-dithiocarbamate scaffold as a basis for developing novel antimicrobial agents, given its potent antibacterial activity, synergy, redox stability, inability to produce resistant mutants, low toxicity to mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo, and non-conventional mechanism of action.

/pdf/novel-gold-iii-dithiocarbamate-complex-targeting-bacterial-que50htz.pdf

Elias S.J. Arnér

Papers

The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase as a key regulator of cellular signaling pathways

Biotechnology of selenocysteine

The role of thioredoxin reductase 1 in cancer

The anticancer compounds auranofin, TRi-1 and TRi-2 have distinct cytotoxicity profiles with regards to thioredoxin reductase inhibition

Novel gold(III)-dithiocarbamate complex targeting bacterial thioredoxin reductase: antimicrobial activity, synergy, toxicity, and mechanistic insights