Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

The power of feedback.

An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Self-Organizing Map

In this paper we review classification algorithms used to design brain–computer interface (BCI) systems based on electroencephalography (EEG). We briefly present the commonly employed algorithms and describe their critical properties. Based on the literature, we compare them in terms of performance and provide guidelines to choose the suitable classification algorithm(s) for a specific BCI.

/pdf/a-review-of-classification-algorithms-for-eeg-based-brain-p1h22hb1wr.pdf

A review of classification algorithms for EEG-based brain–computer interfaces

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) aim at translating brain signals, typically ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG), into commands for external devices. Spatial filters are powerful tools for EEG classification, able to reduce spatial blurring effects. In particular, optimal spatial filters have been designed to classify EEG signals based on band power features. Unfortunately, there are other relevant EEG features for which no optimal spatial filter exists. This is the case for Phase Locking Value (PLV) features, which measure the synchronization between 2 EEG channels. Therefore, this paper proposes to create such a pair of optimal spatial filters for PLV-features. To do so, we optimized a functional measuring the discriminability of PLV-features based on a genetic algorithm. An evaluation of our algorithm on a motor imagery EEG data set showed that using optimized spatial filters led to higher classification performances, and that combining the resulting PLV features with traditional methods boosts the overall BCI performances.

/pdf/optimizing-spatial-filter-pairs-for-eeg-classification-based-144nbw9ihp.pdf

Optimizing spatial filter pairs for EEG classification based on phase-synchronization

This paper introduces the use of a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) for classification in EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) systems. We present our FIS algorithm and compare it, on motor imagery signals, with three other popular classifiers, widely used in the BCI community. Our results show that FIS outperformed a Linear Classifier and reached the same level of accuracy as Support Vector Machine and neural networks. Thus, FIS-based classification is suitable for BCI design. Furthermore, FIS algorithms have two additionnal advantages: they are readable and easily extensible.

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00134951/document

The Use of Fuzzy Inference Systems for Classification in EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces

The omnipresence of non-stationarity and noise in Electroencephalogram signals restricts the ubiquitous use of Brain-Computer interface. One of the possible ways to tackle this problem is to adapt the computational model used to detect and classify different mental states. Adapting the model will possibly help us to track the changes and thus reducing the effect of non-stationarities. In this paper, we present different adaptation strategies for state of the art Riemannian geometry based classifiers. The offline evaluation of our proposed methods on two different datasets showed a statistically significant improvement over baseline non-adaptive classifiers. Moreover, we also demonstrate that combining different (hybrid) adaptation strategies generally increased the performance over individual adaptation schemes. Also, the improvement in average classification accuracy for a 3-class mental imagery BCI with hybrid adaption is as high as around 17% above the baseline non-adaptive classifier.

/pdf/towards-adaptive-classification-using-riemannian-geometry-9xvfvhwcg9.pdf

Towards Adaptive Classification using Riemannian Geometry approaches in Brain-Computer Interfaces

In this paper, we propose a new feature extraction algorithm for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). This algorithm is based on inverse models and uses the novel concept of fuzzy region of interest (ROI). It can automatically identify the relevant ROIs and their reactive frequency bands. The activity in these ROIs can be used as features for any classifier. A first evaluation of the algorithm, using a support vector machine (SVM) as classifier, is reported on data set IV from BCI competition 2003. Results are promising as we reached an accuracy on the test set ranging from 85 % to 86 % whereas the winner of the competition on this data set reached 84%.

/pdf/furia-a-novel-feature-extraction-algorithm-for-brain-2naiqwjetf.pdf

FuRIA: A Novel Feature Extraction Algorithm for Brain-Computer Interfaces using Inverse Models and Fuzzy Regions of Interest

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Mind the Traps! Design Guidelines for Rigorous BCI Experiments Camille Jeunet, Stefan Debener, Fabien Lotte, Jeremie Mattout, Reinhold Scherer, Catharina Zich

https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01620186/document

Fabien Lotte

Papers

Optimizing spatial filter pairs for EEG classification based on phase-synchronization

The Use of Fuzzy Inference Systems for Classification in EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces

Towards Adaptive Classification using Riemannian Geometry approaches in Brain-Computer Interfaces

FuRIA: A Novel Feature Extraction Algorithm for Brain-Computer Interfaces using Inverse Models and Fuzzy Regions of Interest

Mind the Traps! Design Guidelines for Rigorous BCI Experiments