https://staff.blog.ui.ac.id/hsuryadi/files/2012/02/ROS_RNS.pdf

Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activates the transcription of genes that are involved in crucial aspects of cancer biology, including angiogenesis, cell survival, glucose metabolism and invasion. Intratumoral hypoxia and genetic alterations can lead to HIF-1alpha overexpression, which has been associated with increased patient mortality in several cancer types. In preclinical studies, inhibition of HIF-1 activity has marked effects on tumour growth. Efforts are underway to identify inhibitors of HIF-1 and to test their efficacy as anticancer therapeutics.

Targeting HIF-1 for cancer therapy

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an altered redox status have long been observed in cancer cells, and recent studies suggest that this biochemical property of cancer cells can be exploited for therapeutic benefits. Cancer cells in advanced stage tumours frequently exhibit multiple genetic alterations and high oxidative stress, suggesting that it might be possible to preferentially eliminate these cells by pharmacological ROS insults. However, the upregulation of antioxidant capacity in adaptation to intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells can confer drug resistance. Abrogation of such drug-resistant mechanisms by redox modulation could have significant therapeutic implications. We argue that modulating the unique redox regulatory mechanisms of cancer cells might be an effective strategy to eliminate these cells.

Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: a radical therapeutic approach?

If carcinogenesis occurs by somatic evolution, then common components of the cancer phenotype result from active selection and must, therefore, confer a significant growth advantage. A near-universal property of primary and metastatic cancers is upregulation of glycolysis, resulting in increased glucose consumption, which can be observed with clinical tumour imaging. We propose that persistent metabolism of glucose to lactate even in aerobic conditions is an adaptation to intermittent hypoxia in pre-malignant lesions. However, upregulation of glycolysis leads to microenvironmental acidosis requiring evolution to phenotypes resistant to acid-induced cell toxicity. Subsequent cell populations with upregulated glycolysis and acid resistance have a powerful growth advantage, which promotes unconstrained proliferation and invasion.

Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis

http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/corefacilities/esr/publications/buettnerpubs/pdf/FRBM-2001-30-1191-FQS-Redox.pdf

Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide/glutathione couple.

Superoxide dismutase is regulated by LAMMER kinase in Drosophila and human cells.

Synthesis of 1D-3-deoxy- and -2,3-dideoxyphosphatidylinositol

(1989). The Use of Human Liver for Foreign Compound Metabolism and Toxicity Studies. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 20, No. 2-4, pp. 379-394.

The Use of Human Liver for Foreign Compound Metabolism and Toxicity Studies

Structural basis for the association of PLEKHA7 with membrane-embedded phosphatidylinositol lipids

The naturally occurring inositol derivative, L-quebrachitol (1), serves as starting material for the synthesis of D-3-deoxy-3-fluoro- and D-3-chloro-3-deoxy-myo-inositol (4, 28). Their transformation into the title compounds 22 and 40 (abbreviated as FPI and CPI, respectively) is accomplished by benzylation of all hydroxyl groups but OH-1 to which the phosphatidic acid side chain is subsequently attached using the phosphoramidite protocol, and hydrogenolytic deprotection. Compounds 4 and 28, as reported earlier, exhibit moderate and high selectivity, respectively, in the growth inhibition of υ-sis transformed vs wild type murine NIH 3T3 cells if myo-inositol is agent but are inactive in the presence of physiological inositol levels. On the other hand, FPI possesses a nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher activity but no selectivity both in the absence or presence of myo-inositol. CPI is inactive as is the simplified analogue 24 of FPI in which the phosphatidic acid moiety has been replaced by an octadecyl group

Garth Powis

Papers

Superoxide dismutase is regulated by LAMMER kinase in Drosophila and human cells.

Synthesis of 1D-3-deoxy- and -2,3-dideoxyphosphatidylinositol

The Use of Human Liver for Foreign Compound Metabolism and Toxicity Studies

Structural basis for the association of PLEKHA7 with membrane-embedded phosphatidylinositol lipids

Synthesis and biological activity of the D-3-deoxy-3-fluoro and D-3-chloro-3-deoxy analogues of phosphatidylinositol