Showing papers in "Free Radical Biology and Medicine in 2009"

TL;DR: The switching on and off of Nrf2 protects cells against free radical damage, prevents apoptosis, and promotes cell survival, and is a mechanism of critical importance for cellular protection and cell survival.

TL;DR: The sources and metabolism of ROS in this organelle are reviewed, including the conditions that regulate the production of these species, such as mild uncoupling, oxygen tension, respiratory inhibition, Ca2+ and K+ transport, and mitochondrial content and morphology.

TL;DR: The results of numerous studies show that LPO, and probably oxidative stress in general, may exert both deleterious and beneficial effects in vivo, and it appears difficult to regulate the formation of free radical-mediated LPO products.

TL;DR: This review will discuss recent literature on Nox protein tissue distribution, subcellular localization, activation, and the resulting signal transduction mechanisms.

TL;DR: Evaluation of nucleotide sequences reveals that regulatory elements of the sod2 gene reside in both the noncoding and the coding region, and changes associated with sod2 lead to alterations in expression levels as well as protein function.

TL;DR: Ascorbate is proposed as a neuromodulator of glutamatergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic transmission and related behaviors, posited to have potential therapeutic roles against ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington's disease.

TL;DR: A brief history of my research achievements (ascorbate-glutathione cycle, role of iron in oxidative damage and human disease, biomarkers of free radical damage, and studies on atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration) and how they relate to my research activities today are presented.

TL;DR: In this review the advantages and disadvantages of a number of approaches are discussed, with an emphasis on methods that yield absolute quantitative data on the extent of protein modification.

TL;DR: The chemistry of hydrogen sulfide, including sources of hydrogen sulphide, its speciation at physiological pH, the susceptibility of sulfide to aerobic oxidation, and the methods used to measure hydrogen sulfides concentrations in solution, including biological fluids are covered.

TL;DR: This review is focused on redox mechanisms and essential structural features of cyt c's conversion into a CL-specific peroxidase that represent an interesting and maybe still unique example of a functionally significant ligand change in hemoproteins.

TL;DR: The results indicate that succinate is an important substrate for isolated mitochondrial reactive oxygen production in brain, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle, whereas fatty acids generate significant quantities of oxidants in kidney and liver.

TL;DR: It is reported that Nrf2 modulates the GSH redox state by regulating glutathione reductase (GSR) via transcriptional regulation of GSR and protecting cells against oxidative stress.

TL;DR: The present challenge is to identify redox-dependent targets relevant to each cell cycle phase, to understand how these targets control fate decisions, and to describe the mechanisms that link metabolism to cell cycle progression.

TL;DR: It is found that environmental influences occurring during brain development inhibit DNA-methyltransferases, thus hypomethylating promoters of genes associated with AD such as the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid-beta (Abeta).

TL;DR: DJ-1 is an important redox-reactive signaling intermediate controlling oxidative stress after ischemia, upon neuroinflammation, and during age-related neurodegenerative processes, and might provide novel approaches to treating chronic neurodegnerative illnesses such as Parkinson's disease and acute damage such as stroke.

TL;DR: It is shown that boronates react rapidly and stoichiometrically with peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) to form stable hydroxy derivatives as major products to help develop a novel class of fluorescent probes for the detection and imaging of ONOO(-) formed in cellular and cell-free systems.

TL;DR: It is shown that hypoxia activates AMPK through LKB1 without an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio, and genetic evidence is provided that ROS generated within the mitochondrial electron transport chain and not oxidative phosphorylation is required for hypoxic activation of AMPK.

TL;DR: The calculated in vivo E(h) is a convenient and informative way of summarizing the redox environment of plasma and is also useful for studies of cerebrospinal fluid, lymph, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, human biopsies, and a broad range of in vitro cell culture conditions.

TL;DR: The focus of this review is the biotin-switch technique (BST), which has become a mainstay assay for detecting S-nitrosylated proteins in complex biological systems and potential pitfalls and modern adaptations of the BST are discussed.

TL;DR: The data suggest that Resveratrol protects against DOX-induced oxidative stress through changes in mitochondrial function, specifically the Sirt1 pathway leading to cardiac cell survival.

TL;DR: Emerging knowledge on vitamin E is compiled here with the perspective to unravel the molecular mechanisms that could more likely explain the essentiality of the vitamin than its ability to scavenge free radicals.

TL;DR: Results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of GYY4137, a slow-releasing hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) donor, which inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in rat blood and reduced the L PS-evoked rise in NF-kappaB activation, inducible nitric oxide synthase/cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and generation of PGE and nitrate/nitrite in RAW 2647 macrophages.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of the redox system in regulating signaling pathways related to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and indicates antioxidant strategies have proven to be beneficial therapeutics.

TL;DR: Trp-derived peroxides, radicals, and breakdown products generated on free Trp and Trp residues in peptides and proteins are characterized using LC/MS/MS to allow the quantification of protein modification in intact cells arising from singlet oxygen formation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that GPx is an important target for MeHG-induced neurotoxicity, presumably because this enzyme is essential for counteracting the pro-oxidative effects of MeHg both in vitro and in vivo.

TL;DR: Curcumin is tested in a rat model of light-induced retinal degeneration and in retina-derived cell lines to speculate that curcumin would be an effective nutraceutical compound for preventive and augmentative therapy of AMD.

TL;DR: The results suggest that oral symbiotic bacteria modulate gastrointestinal and cardiovascular function via bioactivation of salivary nitrate via bioactivity of dietary nitrate through excessive use of antiseptic mouthwashes.

TL;DR: In vivo results show that both intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of ascorbate induced pharmacologic concentrations in blood that exhibit interesting anticancer properties, and confirm that oral and parenteral Administration of asCorbate are not comparable.

TL;DR: This study indicates that 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through multifunctional cytoprotective pathways.

TL;DR: The data indicate that contraction-activated PGC-1alpha signaling pathways in skeletal muscle are redox sensitive and that nonmitochondrial ROS play an important role in stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis.