THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – A review

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/999493.pdf

New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater

Activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and application for the degradation of emerging contaminants

Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity

Shortage of construction waste data cause difficulty in planning the future of construction waste management. Quantification of construction waste data is one of the valuable solution to be implemented. Waste generated amount have been investigated in different countries. A series of research on various construction materials were reported by the previous researcher. However, no similar research has been conducted in Malaysia where there is a pressing need to understand the generation of construction waste especially for the developing projects like housing. This paper aims to review the previous study on the waste quantification in the construction sites. The soft measure method found in the study are Interviewed and Questionnaire and Estimation Based on Statistical Data. While the hard measure method such as Material Flow Analysis Approach (MFA) and Sorted and Weighed the Waste Materials.Shortage of construction waste data cause difficulty in planning the future of construction waste management. Quantification of construction waste data is one of the valuable solution to be implemented. Waste generated amount have been investigated in different countries. A series of research on various construction materials were reported by the previous researcher. However, no similar research has been conducted in Malaysia where there is a pressing need to understand the generation of construction waste especially for the developing projects like housing. This paper aims to review the previous study on the waste quantification in the construction sites. The soft measure method found in the study are Interviewed and Questionnaire and Estimation Based on Statistical Data. While the hard measure method such as Material Flow Analysis Approach (MFA) and Sorted and Weighed the Waste Materials.

The methods of waste quantification in the construction sites (A review)

The use of plants for remediation of soils and waters contaminated with heavy metals has gained acceptance in the past two decades as a cost-effective and noninvasive technique. In this study, the effectiveness of Common Reed for phytoremediation of heavy metals from municipal waste leachate was investigated. The plants were transplanted into pots containing 10 L of mixed urban waste leachate and water (mixed 80 percentages of waste leachate with 20 % of water; V:V) and aerated during experiments. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used in order to clarify the nature of the response surface in the experimental design and explain the optimal conditions of the independent variables. In the optimum conditions, the amount of removed Fe, Mn, Cu, and Ni were 25.049, 9.623, 6.112, and 0.900 mg/kg, and Translocation Factor (TF) in 24, 48, and 72 h experiment were 0.47, 0.45, 0.34, 0.38, 1.17, 0.89, 0.69, 0.42, 1.30, 1.12, 1.10, and 1.01 for each heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Ni), respectively. The findings showed that Phragmites australis is an effective accumulator plant for phytoremediation of these metals.

Heavy Metals Phytoremediation from Urban Waste Leachate by the Common Reed ( Phragmites australis )

Landfill leachate generation is one of the main problems from sanitary landfill. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), and color are among the most problematic parameters in stabilized leachate. In this regard, dedicated treatment facilities are required before leachate can be discharged into the environment. The performance of the combined ozonation (O3) and zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) to treat two types of stabilized leachate was investigated during this study. Leachate samples were collected from an anaerobic stabilized leachate (Alor Pongsu Landfill Site, APLS) and semi-aerobic stabilized leachate (Pulau Burung Landfill Site, PBLS). Zirconium tetrachloride dosage was determined as 1 g/1 g (COD/ZrCl4 ratio) and then added to the leachate samples with 60 min ozonation at natural leachate pH (8). COD, color, and NH3-N were removed from the APLS sample at 33%, 70%, and 53% rates, respectively, whereas 48%, 75%, and 69%, respectively, from the PBLS samples. Ozone consumption was also calculated with the highest value (3.81 Kg O3/ Kg COD) reported in PBLS, whereas the lowest value (2.32 Kg O3/ Kg COD) was reported in APLS. Biodegradability of (BOD5/COD) was investigated and improved from 0.07 to 0.08 for the APLS samples and 0.05 to 0.11 for the PBLS samples after leachate oxidation. Results showed that the performance of O3/ZrCl4 oxidation is more efficient in treating semi-aerobic stabilized leachate than anaerobic stabilized leachate Moreover, the combined method proved to be more efficient in remediating leachate compared with ozone and zirconium treatment alone.

Performance of Ozone/ZrCl4 Oxidation in Stabilized Landfill Leachate Treatment

Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO3. Silver or silver ions have long been used in many areas due to their strong antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, yeast, fungi and algae. Trichoderma spp. are considered as biocontrol and growth promoting agents for many crop plants due to their antagonistic properties against plant pathogens. We, in this study, checked the possible interaction between silver nitrate and Chitinase enzyme. We used Molegro virtual docker (MVD). The results obtained from docking showed us that the best pose which is derived from MolDock score for Chitinase was -49.1418 with reranking score equal to -58. 1719. It is concluded that silver nitrate and Chitinase have interaction. Obtained results showed that silver nitrate can be attached to Chitinase in Trichoderma fungi cells leading to deactivation the enzymes.

Computational Prediction and Analysis of Interaction of Silver Nitrate with Chitinase Enzyme

Pollution of groundwater occurs due to rapid industrialization and agricultural activities A desktop study was carried out to identify the actual groundwater problem occurs in Malaysia The quality of groundwater was investigated to obtain the baseline groundwater data for an alternative integrated water treatment process that involved combination of ozonation and adsorption process Preliminary data on groundwater pollution were collected from nine Mineral and Geoscience Department(JMG) groundwater monitoring wells, Air Kelantan Sdn Bhd (AKSB) water treatment plant and Natioal Hydraulics Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) The result shows that raw groundwater in Kelantan contains high concentration of Fe and thus an alternative treatment is necessary However, based on the previous treated effluent data at one of the water treatment plants in Malaysia has indicated that the use of ozone alone may only  remove Fe concentration up to 05- 08 mg/L This exceeded the acceptable limit of 03 mg/L 1 Application of ozonation process for groundwater treatment has received more attention based on its capability to transform contaminants into non-harmful substance within a short period Most previous literature found that limestone is very effective in removing more than 90% of heavy metal such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn in water To improve the performance of ozonation process, an integrated treatment of ozonation and adsorption processes using limestone is proposed in the current study for groundwater treatment

Hamidi Abdul Aziz

Papers

The methods of waste quantification in the construction sites (A review)

Heavy Metals Phytoremediation from Urban Waste Leachate by the Common Reed ( Phragmites australis )

Performance of Ozone/ZrCl4 Oxidation in Stabilized Landfill Leachate Treatment

Computational Prediction and Analysis of Interaction of Silver Nitrate with Chitinase Enzyme

Potential use of ozonation with limestone adsorption in ground treatment: a case study at kelantan water treatment plant