THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – A review

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/999493.pdf

New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater

Activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and application for the degradation of emerging contaminants

Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity

A study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticle (FeONPs) adsorption for removing of DOM in landfill leachate. FeONPs was directly prepared via sodium borohydride (KBH4) reduction method. Adsorption kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies were developed to design the model for DOM removal. Pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order model have been studied to fit the experimental data. The regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics were more accurately represented by a pseudo second-order model. The Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion model was used to analyze the adsorption kinetics data. The plot of qt versus t1/2 represents multi linearity, which showed that the adsorption processes occurred in more than one step. Adsorption isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich, isotherms model. Equilibrium data were well fitted to the Dubinin– Radushkevich isotherm model. Maximum monolayer adsorption based on Langmuir was calcu...

Adsorptive removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in landfill leachate by iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs)

In this study, the performance of limestone and anthracite coal filter media in treating Fe2+ adsorption from groundwater is evaluated. A breakthrough curve analysis is conducted to provide information on the prediction of operation life span and determine the break point and ineffective point of both filter media. The failure of both filter media as adsorbents can be measured through breakthrough curve analysis. Results show that limestone can receive Fe2+ loading at a concentration of 0.43 mg/L for a longer time (210 h) than that of anthracite (10 h). The breakpoint of the limestone column (40 h) is longer than that of the anthracite column (0.5 h). The performance of the breakthrough curve of both filter media is evaluated using Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and Adam Bohart models. The experimental data of both filter media reveal that the Yoon–Nelson and Thomas models contribute higher r2 to Fe removal than that of the Adam Bohart Model. Thus, the adsorption of Fe onto limestone and anthracite coal is influenced by interphase mass transfer and chemical reaction kinetics. Therefore, anthracite coal is not recommended as filter media because of its failure to function as a good filter medium and shorter life span than that of limestone.

/pdf/failure-analysis-of-limestone-and-anthracite-coal-filter-31ytzt3n7u.pdf

Failure Analysis of Limestone and Anthracite Coal Filter Media in Adsorbing Fe2+ from the Simulation of Pre-ozonated Groundwater Using Breakthrough Curve

Adsorption of Tetracycline onto MgFe-LDH/Cellulose Nanocrystals Structured Composite

A massive quantity of Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) trunk biomass, containing a significant amount of natural starch, is available in Malaysia as bio-waste because of annual replantation. The efficient extraction of this starch (carbohydrate polymer) would be worthwhile concerning the environmental sustainability and economy through conversion to bio-resources. This study investigated the effectiveness of the bisulphite steeping method for starch synthesis from oil palm trunk (OPT) bio-waste. The central composite design (CCD) of Design-Expert software executed an experimental model design, data analysis, evaluated the impacts of process variables and their interaction through response surface methodology to optimize the bisulphite steeping method for starch synthesis. The developed quadratic models for four factors (strength of sodium bisulphite solution, steeping hour, mixing ratio with the bisulphite solution and ultra-pure water) and one response (%Yield) demonstrated that a significant starch yield (13.54%) is achievable employing 0.74% bisulphite solution, 5.6 steeping hours, for 1.6 and 0.6 mixing ratio with the bisulphite solution and ultra-pure water respectively. Experimental outcomes were consistent with the predicted model, which eventually sustains the significance of this method. Malvern Zetasizer test revealed a bimodal granular distribution for starch, with 7.15µm of hydrodynamic size. Starch morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction investigation exhibits an A-type model, specifying persistent characteristics, while FTIR confirms the presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic, and phenolic groups like other cereal starches. Implication StatementMalaysia is the 2nd largest palm oil exporter of the world and produced 20.5 million metric tons of crude oil with 2.13 metric tons of palm kernel oil annually. Therefore, a massive quantity of palm oil trunk (OPT) biomass (110 million tons by 2020) is available annually as biowaste during the replanting activities. This huge volume of bio-waste is a severe environmental burden regarding the disposal issue. Modification of bio-wastes into a beneficial form (only 22% currently) would be sustainable for both the environment and the country's economy by diminishing the solid waste dumping challenges.Naturally OPT contains about 20% of lignin, 70% of cellulose, and a significant amount of starch, which is a is a carbohydrate polymer. Efficient extraction of starch from OPT bio-waste could ensure a potential reuse towards sustainable waste management and at the same time various application of starch i.e. as natural coagulant for wastewater and leachate treatment, food source, adhesive for particle boards etc.Even though several studies applied various methods for starch extraction from natural sources rather the current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the novel bisulfite steeping method for the synthesis of natural starch from the OPT biomass and process optimization by applying the central composite design (CCD), from response surface methodology (RSM). The impacts and interaction of process variables were evaluated by RSM to optimize the starch yield. The developed quadratic model demonstrated that this method could achieve 13.54% starch yield, which is higher than previous studies.Therefore, implementation of this study outcomes will ascertain the reuse of OPT bio-waste reducing waste load from this sector and maximize the natural starch extraction for further implication of numerous economic activities.

Hamidi Abdul Aziz

Papers

Adsorptive removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in landfill leachate by iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs)

Failure Analysis of Limestone and Anthracite Coal Filter Media in Adsorbing Fe2+ from the Simulation of Pre-ozonated Groundwater Using Breakthrough Curve

Adsorption of Tetracycline onto MgFe-LDH/Cellulose Nanocrystals Structured Composite

Synthesis of natural starch from Elaeis guineensis trunk biomass applying bisulphite steeping method: Optimization by RSM.

Chapter 13 Treatment of Photographic Processing Waste