THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – A review

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/999493.pdf

New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater

Activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and application for the degradation of emerging contaminants

Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity

Riverbank filtration (RBF) provides an alternative to extract raw water by removing pollutants such as suspended solids, organic carbon, and pathogenic bacteria/microbes in the water. However, the main issue with this system is the occurrence of high concentrations of arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in the production well. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the presence of heavy metals in river water and pumping well water for an RBF system. Water samples were collected from Sungai Kerian (Kerian River) and a pumping well during a three-day pumping test. The heavy metal concentration in both samples was analyzed for 21 elements using ICP-OES. A total of 12 elements were detected in the water samples from either the river or the pumping well. Among the detected elements, As and Fe had concentrations that exceeded the standard values set by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Results also suggested that the Fe concentration in the pumping well water was higher than that in the river water. Conversely, As was more frequently detected in the river water than in the pumping well water. These results imply that the As concentration in the river water was derived from external sources, while the presence of As and Fe in the pumping well water was influenced by geochemical and hydrochemical processes in the aquifer.

Heavy metals concentration in river and pumping well water for river bank filtration (rbf) system: case study in sungai kerian

https://ir.unikl.edu.my/jspui/bitstream/123456789/22082/1/Evaluation%20and%20comparison%20the%20performance%20of%20titanium%20and%20zirconium.pdf

Evaluation and comparison the performance of titanium and zirconium(IV) tetrachloride in textile wastewater treatment.

The high-strength leachate produced from sanitary landfill is a serious issue around the world as it poses adverse effects on aquatic life and human health. Physio-chemical technology is one of the promising options as the leachate normally presents in stabilized form and not fully amendable by biological treatment. In this research, the effectiveness of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) augmented electrocoagulation process (hybrid system) for removing high-strength ammonia (3,442 mg/L) and color (8,427 Pt-Co) from naturally saline (15 ppt) local landfill leachate was investigated. A batch mode laboratory-scale reactor with parallel-monopolar aluminum electrodes attached to a direct current (DC) electric power was used as an electrocoagulation reactor for performance enhancement purpose. Optimum operational conditions of 146 g/L zeolite dosage, 600 A/m2 current density, 60 min treatment time, 200 rpm stirring speed, 35 min settling duration, and pH 9 were recorded with up to 70% and 88% removals of ammonia and color, respectively. The estimated overall operational cost was 26.22 $/m3 . The biodegradability of the leachate had improved from 0.05 to 0.27 in all post-treatment processes. The findings revealed the ability of the hybrid process as a viable option in eliminating concentrated ammonia and color in natural saline landfill leachate. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Clinoptilolite was augmented on the electrocoagulation process in saline and stabilized landfill leachate (15 ppt). The high strength NH3 -N (3,442 mg/L) and color (8,427 Pt-Co) were 70% and 88% removed, respectively. The optimum conditions occurred at 140 g/L zeolite, 60 mA/cm2 current density, 60 min, and final pH of 8.20. The biodegradability of the leachate improved from 0.05 to 0.27 after the treatment. This hybrid treatment was simple, faster, and did not require auxiliary electrolyte.

Clinoptilolite augmented electrocoagulation process for the reduction of high-strength ammonia and color from stabilized landfill leachate.

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen were the problematic parameters in landfill leachate treatment. Combination of activated carbon and zeolite as filter medium may reduce this problem. This study was conducted to find treatment alternative by combining the low cost adsorbent such as limestone and rice husk carbon waste and ordinary adsorbent media, activated carbon and zeolite as a single media. All the adsorption media was crushed and sieved to a particle size of 150 μm. The optimum ratio was predicted by mean of a batch equilibrium experiments. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was used as a binder at 30 percent by weight. Activated carbon and rice husk carbon was grouped as a hydrophobic media where the optimum ratio was 1:1. Zeolite and limestone was in hydrophilic media group which the best ratio was 3:1. The ratio for hydrophilic and hydrophobic media had been chosen as 7:1 accordingly to adsorption behavior of ammoniacal nitrogen and organic constituents (COD) to the media. The optimum conditions for adsorption batch study were found at pH 7, 200rpm in shaking speed and 90 minutes of contact time. The results showed that the equilibrium data were fitted and favorable adsorption by both of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms while Langmuir isotherms was slightly better fitted for ammoniacal nitrogen and Freundlich was good for COD removal in term of regression coefficients (R 2 ). Langmuir adsorption capacities (Q) for ammonia and COD were 43.47mg/g and 256.41mg/g respectively while Freundlich (K F) were 0.00135mg/g and 0.03891mg/g respectively.

https://www.chemistry.unpad.ac.id/isc-proceeding/2008/Pdf/PP/0722-0728%20PP110%20Azhar%20Abdul%20Halim.pdf

Ammoniacal nitrogen and COD removal from semi-aerobic landfill leachate using carbon-mineral composite adsorbent

This chapter discusses types of flotation, process description of dissolved air flotation (DAF), theory of DAF, advantages of DAF application in wastewater treatment, application of DAF process in wastewater treatment, and application of DAF in landfill leachate treatment. The basic idea in the flotation process is the solid–liquid separation process using bubbles. The method of producing bubbles gives rise to different types of flotation processes, namely, electrolytic flotation, dispersed air flotation, and DAF. Wastewater treatment and sludge thickening mostly use circular tanks in the flotation process, which is carried out in small-size flotation plants, and require no pre-flocculation prior to flotation. In the case of distilled water, when the temperature is increased from 0°C to 30°C, the solubility of air is reduced by 45". The industries that implement DAF for their wastewater treatment process are paper mill, chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater, meat industry, personnel care product, and seafood industry.

Hamidi Abdul Aziz

Papers

Heavy metals concentration in river and pumping well water for river bank filtration (rbf) system: case study in sungai kerian

Evaluation and comparison the performance of titanium and zirconium(IV) tetrachloride in textile wastewater treatment.

Clinoptilolite augmented electrocoagulation process for the reduction of high-strength ammonia and color from stabilized landfill leachate.

Ammoniacal nitrogen and COD removal from semi-aerobic landfill leachate using carbon-mineral composite adsorbent

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) for Wastewater Treatment