THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – A review

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/999493.pdf

New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater

Activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and application for the degradation of emerging contaminants

Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity


 Landfill leachate is highly polluted wastewater and generated as a result of water infiltration through solid waste produced domestically and industrially. This study investigates the potential use of oil palm trunk starch (OPTS) and crosslinks oil palm trunk starch (C-OPTS) as coagulant and coagulant aid in tandem with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) for the treatment of landfill leachate. As primary coagulant, the optimum pH and dosage for OPTC were 7 and 500 mg/L, respectively. For C-OPTS, the optimum conditions were pH 8.3 and 1,000 mg/L C-OPTS dosage. However, the optimum conditions for PAC were pH 7 and 8,000 mg/L PAC dosage. Results show that OPTS demonstrated superior feasibility as a selective coagulant targeting heavy metals such as Mn (100% removal), Cu (95.6% removal), Zn (100% removal), and PO43− (100% removal), whereas C-OPTS can be employed as both bulk and selective coagulants. On the other hand, C-OPTS prevailed over PAC in Mn, Zn, PO43−, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals by huge margins of 100%, 54.8%, 24.3%, and 17.1%, respectively, without any pH adjustments and with optimum dosage 87.5% lower than that of PAC.

Potential use of oil palm trunk starch as coagulant and coagulant aid in semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of employing Fenton's reagent in the advanced oxidation of ozone to treat stabilized landfill leachate in an ozone reactor. A central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the relationships between operating variables, such as ozone and Fenton dosage, pH, and reaction time, to identify the optimum operating conditions. Quadratic models for the following four responses proved to be significant with very low probabilities (<0.0001): chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, NH-N, and ozone consumption (OC). The obtained optimum conditions included a reaction time of 90 min, 30 g/m³ ozone, 0.01 mol/L₂H₂O,0.02 mol/L Fe²⁺, and pH 5. COD, color, and NH₃-N removal rates of 79%, 100%, and 20%, respectively, and 0.18 kg O₃/kg COD OC were obtained. The predictions correspond well with experimental results (COD, color, and NH-N removal rates of 78%, 98.5%, and 19%, respectively, and 0.29 kg O₃/kg COD OC). This method reduces the treatment time and improves the treatment efficiency relative to a previously published method that used Fenton's reagent prior to ozonation.

Optimization of semi-aerobic stabilized leachate treatment using ozone/Fenton's reagent in the advanced oxidation process.

Sanitary landfill leachate is considered as heavily polluted industrial wastewater, which has extremely high pollution load that may pollute subsoil and ground water Special attention must be paid to its efficient treatment and disposal In this study, performance of coagulation and flocculation process was evaluated for semi-aerobic municipal solid waste leachate collected from Pulau Burung Landfill Site in Penang, Malaysia Poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) was used as coagulant which has not been a common coagulant in leachate treatment Effects of chemical and physical variables (concentration, pH, speed and time of rapid mixing and slow mixing) were examined by Jar-test experiments The optimum pH and dosage of poly-aluminum chloride were obtained as 75 and 19 g/L, respectively The most efficient rapid and slow mixing speeds were 80 for 45 seconds and 30 rpm for 15 minutes, respectively The
optimum settling time was 30 minutes Results showed that 97% removal of colour, 61% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and almost complete removal of suspended solids (SS) and turbidity were obtained under optimum conditions

Coagulation process for semi-aerobic leachate treatment using poly-aluminum chloride

This paper provides an overview of the current solid waste management (SWM) practices in Benghazi, Libya and suggests solutions to some of the major problems regarding the matter. There have been several crucial issues faced by the city of Benghazi (the second capital city in Libya) on SWM, including limited documentation on the generation, handling, management, and disposal of waste. The existing solid waste-management system is affected by unfavourable economic, institutional, legislative, technical, and operational constraints. The collection process is deficient in terms of manpower and vehicle availability. There is no treatment provided to the wastes dumped into an open land at Ganfoudah site after collection. Lack of suitable facilities and inadequate management and technical skills, improper bin collection, and route planning are among the issues resulting in poor collection and transportation of municipal solid wastes. The MSW management should be improved in terms of effectiveness of the MSW collection, transportation, and treatment. More effective efforts are also needed by involving the public in policymaking, development of service plans, implementation of future waste-management programs, and decision-making regarding landfill siting.

Municipal solid waste management in Benghazi (Libya): current practices and challenges.

Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process uses for treatment of different types of wastewaters such as municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, dairy wastewater, slaughterhouse wastewater etc. Operation parameters of SBR technique are cycle time, aeration rate, volume of reactor, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and other parameters. In this work, operational parameters and removal efficiencies of pollutants for SBR method were studied. In addition, boundaries for operational parameters in SBR process were explained as well.

Hamidi Abdul Aziz

Papers

Potential use of oil palm trunk starch as coagulant and coagulant aid in semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment

Optimization of semi-aerobic stabilized leachate treatment using ozone/Fenton's reagent in the advanced oxidation process.

Coagulation process for semi-aerobic leachate treatment using poly-aluminum chloride

Municipal solid waste management in Benghazi (Libya): current practices and challenges.

Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Process: Limitation of Operational Parameters and Performance