There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

The lithium metal battery is strongly considered to be one of the most promising candidates for high-energy-density energy storage devices in our modern and technology-based society. However, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth induces poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns, dragging lithium metal batteries out of practical applications. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth. First, the working principles and technical challenges of a lithium metal anode are underscored. Specific attention is paid to the mechanistic understandings and quantitative models for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, lithium dendrite nucleation, and growth. On the basis of previous theoretical understanding and analysis, recently proposed strategies to suppress dendrite growth of lithium metal anode and some other metal anodes are reviewed. A section dedicated to the potential of full-cell lithium metal batteries for practical applicatio...

Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review.

The author's preface gives an outline: "This book is about weakconvergence methods in metric spaces, with applications sufficient to show their power and utility. The Introduction motivates the definitions and indicates how the theory will yield solutions to problems arising outside it. Chapter 1 sets out the basic general theorems, which are then specialized in Chapter 2 to the space C[0, l ] of continuous functions on the unit interval and in Chapter 3 to the space D [0, 1 ] of functions with discontinuities of the first kind. The results of the first three chapters are used in Chapter 4 to derive a variety of limit theorems for dependent sequences of random variables. " The book develops and expands on Donsker's 1951 and 1952 papers on the invariance principle and empirical distributions. The basic random variables remain real-valued although, of course, measures on C[0, l ] and D[0, l ] are vitally used. Within this framework, there are various possibilities for a different and apparently better treatment of the material. More of the general theory of weak convergence of probabilities on separable metric spaces would be useful. Metrizability of the convergence is not brought up until late in the Appendix. The close relation of the Prokhorov metric and a metric for convergence in probability is (hence) not mentioned (see V. Strassen, Ann. Math. Statist. 36 (1965), 423-439; the reviewer, ibid. 39 (1968), 1563-1572). This relation would illuminate and organize such results as Theorems 4.1, 4.2 and 4.4 which give isolated, ad hoc connections between weak convergence of measures and nearness in probability. In the middle of p. 16, it should be noted that C*(S) consists of signed measures which need only be finitely additive if 5 is not compact. On p. 239, where the author twice speaks of separable subsets having nonmeasurable cardinal, he means "discrete" rather than "separable." Theorem 1.4 is Ulam's theorem that a Borel probability on a complete separable metric space is tight. Theorem 1 of Appendix 3 weakens completeness to topological completeness. After mentioning that probabilities on the rationals are tight, the author says it is an

Convergence of probability measures

Naphthalenesulfonamides such as N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) are potent calmodulin (CaM) antagonists and act upon several protein kinases at higher concentration. When the naphthalene ring was replaced by isoquinoline, the derivatives were no longer CaM antagonists but retained the ability to inhibit protein kinases, and some of the derivatives exhibited selective inhibition toward a certain protein kinase. cAMP-dependent, cGMP-dependent, and Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent (protein kinase C) protein kinases were inhibited significantly by addition of 10(-6) M N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide (H-8) and 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7). H-8 was the most active of the inhibitors in this series and inhibited more markedly cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinases, than other kinases, while the derivative with the sulfonylpiperazine residue (H-7) was the most potent in inhibiting protein kinase C. Apparent Ki values of H-8 were 0.48 and 1.2 microM for cGMP-dependent and cAMP-dependent protein kinases, respectively, and the Ki value of H-7 for protein kinase C was 6 microM. Both the holoenzyme and the catalytic subunit (or fragment), which is active without an enzyme activator, are susceptible to these compounds with a similar concentration dependency, thereby indicating that the inhibitory effect is attributed to the direct interaction of the compound with the active center of the enzyme but not with the enzyme activator. The inhibitions were freely reversible and of the competitive type with respect to ATP and of the noncompetitive type with respect to the phosphate acceptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Isoquinolinesulfonamides, novel and potent inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C.

Metal Oxides and Oxysalts as Anode Materials for Li Ion Batteries

A diffusion process associated with the real sub-Laplacian $\Delta_b$, the real part of the complex Kohn-Spencer Laplacian $\square_b$, on a strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold has been constructed. In this paper, we investigate diagonal short time asymptotics of the heat kernel corresponding to the diffusion process by using Watanabe's asymptotic expansion and give a representation for the asymptotic expansion of heat kernels which shows a relationship to the geometric structure.

A concrete approach to diagonal short time asymptotics of heat kernels associated with sub-Laplacian on CR manifolds

Catalysis of the beta-elimination of o-phosphothreonine by pyridoxal and metal ions

Abstract This work presents experimental results on the synthesis of сarbon nanowalls (CNWs) with predefined morphology on the surface of the nanoporous alumina membrane using two different methods, namely radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) and radical-injection (RI)-PECVD. Obtained samples were characterized by the methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. From the microstructure analyses of CNWs, it has been observed that there is a time dependence on the reproducibility of membrane morphology by CNWs. At the early stage of nanowalls growth, nanowalls prefer to grow around the edges of nanopores and continue to grow vertically with time. In RF-PECVD, the nanopores’ size begins to shrink drastically and pores are completely covered by secondary flake-like nanowalls after 25 minutes of growth. In the case of CNWs grown using RI-PECVD, nanowalls are more vertical and self-supported. This is because of the rapid and sustained production of hydrogen radicals that prevent the secondary growth of carbon nanowalls. In addition, the influence of pores diameter and membrane thickness on the growth of RI-PECVD CNWs was revealed.

https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Creation_of_unique_shapes_by_coordination_of_alumina_nanopores_and_carbon_nanowalls/21564472

Creation of unique shapes by coordination of alumina nanopores and carbon nanowalls

Micellar and metal catalysis in the pyridoxal-promoted alpha,beta-elimination of s-phenylcysteine

Summary form only given. Photoresist is indispensable material for the pattern formation using lithography and subsequent etching processes. It is well known that the photoresist for ArF (193 nm) excimer laser lithography have poor tolerability against etching plasmas and they may often be deformed and some roughness on the and surface and sidewall of the photoresist patterns are developed. This roughness will cause the hindrance of exact nano fabrication. In order to improve process condition and resist materials toreduce such roughness, it is indispensable to understand the reaction mechanism of photoresist and reactive species. We investigated the reaction of ArF photoresist with the mass-separated fluorocarbon ions, CF x + (x=1∼3)1.

Hiroki Kondo

Papers

A concrete approach to diagonal short time asymptotics of heat kernels associated with sub-Laplacian on CR manifolds

Catalysis of the beta-elimination of o-phosphothreonine by pyridoxal and metal ions

Creation of unique shapes by coordination of alumina nanopores and carbon nanowalls

Micellar and metal catalysis in the pyridoxal-promoted alpha,beta-elimination of s-phenylcysteine

Anaysis of photoresist surface modified by fluorocarbon ions and radicals