There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

The lithium metal battery is strongly considered to be one of the most promising candidates for high-energy-density energy storage devices in our modern and technology-based society. However, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth induces poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns, dragging lithium metal batteries out of practical applications. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth. First, the working principles and technical challenges of a lithium metal anode are underscored. Specific attention is paid to the mechanistic understandings and quantitative models for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, lithium dendrite nucleation, and growth. On the basis of previous theoretical understanding and analysis, recently proposed strategies to suppress dendrite growth of lithium metal anode and some other metal anodes are reviewed. A section dedicated to the potential of full-cell lithium metal batteries for practical applicatio...

Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review.

The author's preface gives an outline: "This book is about weakconvergence methods in metric spaces, with applications sufficient to show their power and utility. The Introduction motivates the definitions and indicates how the theory will yield solutions to problems arising outside it. Chapter 1 sets out the basic general theorems, which are then specialized in Chapter 2 to the space C[0, l ] of continuous functions on the unit interval and in Chapter 3 to the space D [0, 1 ] of functions with discontinuities of the first kind. The results of the first three chapters are used in Chapter 4 to derive a variety of limit theorems for dependent sequences of random variables. " The book develops and expands on Donsker's 1951 and 1952 papers on the invariance principle and empirical distributions. The basic random variables remain real-valued although, of course, measures on C[0, l ] and D[0, l ] are vitally used. Within this framework, there are various possibilities for a different and apparently better treatment of the material. More of the general theory of weak convergence of probabilities on separable metric spaces would be useful. Metrizability of the convergence is not brought up until late in the Appendix. The close relation of the Prokhorov metric and a metric for convergence in probability is (hence) not mentioned (see V. Strassen, Ann. Math. Statist. 36 (1965), 423-439; the reviewer, ibid. 39 (1968), 1563-1572). This relation would illuminate and organize such results as Theorems 4.1, 4.2 and 4.4 which give isolated, ad hoc connections between weak convergence of measures and nearness in probability. In the middle of p. 16, it should be noted that C*(S) consists of signed measures which need only be finitely additive if 5 is not compact. On p. 239, where the author twice speaks of separable subsets having nonmeasurable cardinal, he means "discrete" rather than "separable." Theorem 1.4 is Ulam's theorem that a Borel probability on a complete separable metric space is tight. Theorem 1 of Appendix 3 weakens completeness to topological completeness. After mentioning that probabilities on the rationals are tight, the author says it is an

Convergence of probability measures

Naphthalenesulfonamides such as N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) are potent calmodulin (CaM) antagonists and act upon several protein kinases at higher concentration. When the naphthalene ring was replaced by isoquinoline, the derivatives were no longer CaM antagonists but retained the ability to inhibit protein kinases, and some of the derivatives exhibited selective inhibition toward a certain protein kinase. cAMP-dependent, cGMP-dependent, and Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent (protein kinase C) protein kinases were inhibited significantly by addition of 10(-6) M N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide (H-8) and 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7). H-8 was the most active of the inhibitors in this series and inhibited more markedly cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinases, than other kinases, while the derivative with the sulfonylpiperazine residue (H-7) was the most potent in inhibiting protein kinase C. Apparent Ki values of H-8 were 0.48 and 1.2 microM for cGMP-dependent and cAMP-dependent protein kinases, respectively, and the Ki value of H-7 for protein kinase C was 6 microM. Both the holoenzyme and the catalytic subunit (or fragment), which is active without an enzyme activator, are susceptible to these compounds with a similar concentration dependency, thereby indicating that the inhibitory effect is attributed to the direct interaction of the compound with the active center of the enzyme but not with the enzyme activator. The inhibitions were freely reversible and of the competitive type with respect to ATP and of the noncompetitive type with respect to the phosphate acceptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Isoquinolinesulfonamides, novel and potent inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C.

Metal Oxides and Oxysalts as Anode Materials for Li Ion Batteries

Development of New Continuously Variable Transmission for 2.0-Liter Class Vehicles

Investigation of radicals kinetic behavior and estimation of radical sticking coefficient become indispensable for establishing plasma processing control by its internal parameters. This approach is required for plasma processing of single-nanometer gate length field effect transistors and 3-diemnsional gates in particular. In our works we have developed new technique for radicals kinetic behavior investigation and its sticking coefficient estimation. Our approach is based on application of parallel plate structure in conjunction with numerical analysis. This approach allows for radicals behavior investigation apart from ions and ultraviolet photons. Moreover this approach allows for analysis role of radical direct and indirect fluxes. By comparison of measured profile thickness and simulated stuck radicals profile we were able to estimate hydrogen radical sticking probability to ArF photoresist.

/pdf/sticking-coefficient-of-hydrogen-radicals-on-arf-photoresist-2a784cvkxo.pdf

Sticking coefficient of hydrogen radicals on ArF photoresist estimated by parallel plate structure in conjunction with numerical analysis

A Confining potential Model for a quark Core and Its Surrounding Pion Clouds(vol71,p1303)

Nitrogen atoms are versatile for nitridation applications and do not lead to plasma-induced damage. Large-sized wafer processing demands a uniform supply of nitrogen atoms produced in a high-density very-high-frequency excited plasma of N2 without ammonia. The confinement of plasma through the use of a plasma shield plate (PSP) allows the samples to be separated in a downstream chamber. Generation and transport of N atoms were computationally simulated, and the PSP designs were implemented by PSP parameterization. The supply of high-density N radicals to the sample stage was optimally designed with sufficiently small holes and thin PSP to satisfy an aspect ratio of thickness-to-hole-diameter of less than 2.5.Nitrogen atoms are versatile for nitridation applications and do not lead to plasma-induced damage. Large-sized wafer processing demands a uniform supply of nitrogen atoms produced in a high-density very-high-frequency excited plasma of N2 without ammonia. The confinement of plasma through the use of a plasma shield plate (PSP) allows the samples to be separated in a downstream chamber. Generation and transport of N atoms were computationally simulated, and the PSP designs were implemented by PSP parameterization. The supply of high-density N radicals to the sample stage was optimally designed with sufficiently small holes and thin PSP to satisfy an aspect ratio of thickness-to-hole-diameter of less than 2.5.

Simulation-aided design of very-high-frequency excited nitrogen plasma confinement using a shield plate

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To curb shock generated when an engagement device is engaged with hydraulic pressure, the pressure as a source for control pressure of the engagement device, produced solely by an electric oil pump while a vehicle is traveling.SOLUTION: When determining a decline of line pressure PL which is pressure as a source for C1 pressure Pc1 supplied to a first clutch C1, a power transmission control device curbs a hydraulic pressure supply amount to the first clutch C1 by reducing the C1 pressure Pc1. Also, by reducing the C1 pressure Pc1 necessary for engaging the first clutch C1, the power transmission control device enables the C1 pressure Pc1 to be secured without increasing a discharge flow rate of an electric oil pump 74. The power transmission control device can avoid or curb abrupt engagement of the first clutch C1 caused by transition from a state with the C1 pressure Pc1 necessary for engaging the first clutch C1 unsecured to a state with the same secured during engagement operation of the first clutch C1. Thus, the power transmission control device can curb shock generated when the first clutch C1 is engaged with hydraulic pressure as the source for the C1 pressure Pc1 of the first clutch C1 produced solely by an electric oil pump 74 while a vehicle is traveling.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Hiroki Kondo

Papers

Development of New Continuously Variable Transmission for 2.0-Liter Class Vehicles

Sticking coefficient of hydrogen radicals on ArF photoresist estimated by parallel plate structure in conjunction with numerical analysis

A Confining potential Model for a quark Core and Its Surrounding Pion Clouds(vol71,p1303)

Simulation-aided design of very-high-frequency excited nitrogen plasma confinement using a shield plate

Power transmission control device