Jose M. Martinez

TL;DR: Assessment of general surgery graduate trainees entering accredited surgical subspecialty fellowships in North America revealed deficits in domains of operative autonomy, progressive responsibility, longitudinal follow-up, and scholarly focus after general surgery education.

TL;DR: The FES hands-on skills test meets rigorous standards of reliability and validity required for high-stakes examinations, and, together with the knowledge component, may help contribute to the definition and determination of competence in endoscopy.

TL;DR: The FES cognitive examination is the first test with validity evidence to assess the basic knowledge needed to perform flexible endoscopy and combined with the hands-on skills examination, this assessment tool is a key component for FES certification.

TL;DR: As flexible endoscopy has moved into the mainstream, gastroenterologists have embraced many of the skills and techniques particular to this modality of diagnosis and intervention but the lack of enthusiasm for endoscopic therapy potentials by surgeons has left many surgical residents and practicing surgeons deficient in endoscopic skills.

TL;DR: Routine use of EN is associated with less postoperative leaks after LRYGB, and EN demonstrates more intraoperative leaks than OG, indicating EN may be a more sensitive test than OG.