There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Physical Review B

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) constitute a class of flexible nonlinear models designed to mimic biological neural systems. In this entry, we introduce ANN using familiar econometric terminology and provide an overview of ANN modeling approach and its implementation methods. † Correspondence: Chung-Ming Kuan, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan; ckuan@econ.sinica.edu.tw. †† I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the editor, Professor Steven Durlauf, for his patience and constructive comments on early drafts of this entry. I also thank Shih-Hsun Hsu and Yu-Lieh Huang for very helpful suggestions. The remaining errors are all mine.

Artificial neural networks

ABSTRAK Analisis terma dan prestasi modul fotovoltan semi-lutsinar yang dipasang pada tetingkap dwi kaca (TDK) telah dikaji. Di dalam TDK terjadi pemindahan haba olakan yang disebabkan oleh perbezaan suhu. Perisian COMSOL digunakan untuk menyelesaikan model matematik dengan empat jenis gas yang berlainan disimulasikan untuk mengisi ruang dalam TDK iaitu udara, argon, kripton dan xenon. Ruang dalam TDK diubah antara 5 hingga 100 mm. Keadaan cuaca di Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia telah digunakan. Modul fotovoltan yang digunakan untuk kajian simulasi ialah jenis silikon amorfus (Si-a). Kajian ini mendapati penggunaan gas xenon dalam ruang TDK memberikan prestasi maksimum dalam mengurangkan beban penyejukan. Ketebalan optimum ruang TDK bergantung kepada jenis gas yang digunakan dan secara umumnya berada dalam julat 10 hingga 20 mm. Kata kunci: Analisis terma; modul semi lutsinar; pemindahan haba perolakan; prestasi sistem; tingkap dwi kaca

/pdf/analisis-terma-dan-prestasi-tetingkap-dwi-kaca-dengan-modul-56n8q3xk3v.pdf

Analisis Terma dan Prestasi Tetingkap Dwi Kaca dengan Modul Fotovoltan Semi-lutsinar (Thermal Analysis and Performance of Double Glazing Window with Semi-transparent Photovoltaic Module)

Reverse engineering was done on a direct injection piston compressing natural gas. Reverse engineering is a way to redesign a product to create a new product which has similar functions and improvement in the ability of the original product. The objectives of this research are to get the piston point cloud to be used in CAD three dimension modeling, to obtain the accuracy between existing designed pistons and reverse engineered designed piston, to calculate the accuracy of the prototype after CNC machining process. Piston was digitized using Advanced Topometric scanner (ATOS), a three dimension scanner to get the point cloud for usage in CAD three dimension modelling using Catia V5 R12 software. Accuracy tests were also done by manual calculation to determine the accuracy difference between reverse engineered piston and existing piston. To create the piston prototype, simulation of the piston was done using I-DEAS software and machining was done using CNC Robodrill α-T14iA machine. Simulation using I-DEAS software was used to find the suitable parameters to be used in the CNC machining process. The final prototype was measured for accuracy to determine the accuracy of the CNC machining process. It was calculated by manual calculation by comparing the dimensions of the actual prototype to the design dimensions on paper. The accuracy of the prototype was revealed to be 87.00% to 99.996% accurate to the desired dimensions except for angle and curve areas.

http://www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2008/venice/icossse/icossse51.pdf

RE in modelling of CNGDI piston head

The dependent of the usage of petroleum to produce energy need to be reduce since the fossil fuel price is not predictable. The alternative way to generate energy need to be done to encounter this situation and solar is one of the solutions. Solar cells are used to capture the photon which is then generate the energy. However the efficiency of the cell to turn the amount of photon to electricity needs to be high. Therefore cell enhancing is needed. To enhance a cell involve the whole process developing the cell from A-Z. In this paper, only Si solar cell will be discuss and optimising this kind of cell will only be focused at back end process or the processes after wafer texturing. The process involve in back end process will be PECVD nitrate deposition, metal contact screen printing and metal paste co-firing.

Several aspects on the optimisation of screen printed Si solar cell

Recent development on double pass solar thermal collector

A selective emitter structure is a promising approach to improve the cell efficiency of industrial type silicon solar cells by minimizing the losses at the front surface and in the emitter. Selective emitters can be produced by numerous processing sequences, resulting in different doping profiles. This paper focuses on the analysis of emitter formation for bifacial solar cell application. In this research, liquid phosphorus oxy-trichloride (POCl3) has been used as a diffusion source for emitter formation. The diffusion temperature was varied from 800 to 900 °C in order to determine an optimum diffusion profile. In this study, the mask-free diffusion process forms diffused emitter on both side of Si wafer. In order to determine the emitter characteristics, the sheet resistance of Si wafer after POCl3 diffusion process was measured using a four-point probe. Based on the sheet resistance value of ~47 ohm/sq, the emitter has been classified as heavily-doped emitter. The performance analysis using surface photovoltage (SPV) and spectral response presents a diffusion length of 2.19 μm. The POCl3-diffusion and screen printed Al-BSF led to bifacial solar cells with a front surface efficiency of 12.8 % and back surface efficiency of 5.08 %.

Kamaruzzaman Sopian

Papers

Analisis Terma dan Prestasi Tetingkap Dwi Kaca dengan Modul Fotovoltan Semi-lutsinar (Thermal Analysis and Performance of Double Glazing Window with Semi-transparent Photovoltaic Module)

RE in modelling of CNGDI piston head

Several aspects on the optimisation of screen printed Si solar cell

Recent development on double pass solar thermal collector

Detailed Analysis of Shallow and Heavily-Doped Emitters for Al-BSF Bifacial Solar Cells