There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Physical Review B

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) constitute a class of flexible nonlinear models designed to mimic biological neural systems. In this entry, we introduce ANN using familiar econometric terminology and provide an overview of ANN modeling approach and its implementation methods. † Correspondence: Chung-Ming Kuan, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan; ckuan@econ.sinica.edu.tw. †† I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the editor, Professor Steven Durlauf, for his patience and constructive comments on early drafts of this entry. I also thank Shih-Hsun Hsu and Yu-Lieh Huang for very helpful suggestions. The remaining errors are all mine.

Artificial neural networks

/pdf/concepts-and-challenges-of-nanofluids-and-phase-change-pgxfd8q9fm.pdf

Concepts and Challenges of Nanofluids and Phase Change Material (PCM) in Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Collectors: A Review

Techno-Economic Analysis of Dual Ejectors Solar Assisted Combined Absorption Cooling Cycle

This case study shows how the effect of implementation of the Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) in product development process. Pressure vessel was selected as the example in this case study. The pressure vessel design was obtained from one of the oil and gas company in Malaysia. Information gathering and data collection were conducted by interview and observation. Information such as design and component development time was analyzed and modeled to ensure the effect of implementation of this approach to product development cycle and design efficiencies. The method used for this case study is the Boothroyd and Dewhurst method. Using this method, the existing design of the pressure vessel was modified by incorporating the design for manufacture and assembly requirements. The approach enables a shorter product development cycle time through reduction in manufacturing and assembly time. Apart from that, the overall cost of the pressure vessel was reduced. The implementation of this approach has improved the company's performance and return of investment.

http://www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2008/venice/icossse/icossse23.pdf

DFM and DFA approach on designing pressure vessel

Wind energy has been used for navigation and agriculture. Recently, wind energy is given a lot of attention because of the focus on renewable energy. Wind energy growth in Asia is currently on the rise. Both India and China are leading with more installed capacity and manufacturing facilities. In Malaysia, wind energy conversion is also given a serious consideration. The potential for wind energy generation in Malaysia depends on the availability of the wind resource that varies with specific location. This paper deals with how to model or how to fit several probability distribution models to Malaysia wind speed data available. As usually described in the literature concerning efforts to develop an adequate statistical model for wind speed, there are a few statistical models discussed such as Weibull Distribution and Rayleigh Distribution. In the literature, it is a common procedure to compare these functions to determine which one fits the measured distribution best. The result from a simple descriptive statistics shows that Weibull distribution might be the probability distribution that can fit the data well.

The suitability of statistical distribution in fitting wind speed data

We report the design of a nanophotonic metal-oxide front contact aimed at perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enhance optoelectronic properties and device stability in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. High-quality Cr-doped ZnO film was prepared by industrially feasible magnetron sputter deposition for the electron transport layer of PSCs. As a means, the influence of the Cr content on the film and device was systematically determined. In-depth device optics and electrical effects were studied using advanced three-dimensional opto-electrical multiphysics rigorous simulations, optimizing the front contact for realizing high performance. The numerical simulation was validated by fabricating PSCs optimized to reach high performance, energy conversion efficiency (ECE) = 17.3%, open-circuit voltage (VOC) = 1.08 V, short-circuit current density (JSC) = 21.1 mA cm−2, and fill-factor (FF) = 76%. Finally, a realistic front contact of nanophotonic architecture was proposed while improving broadband light absorption of the solar spectrum and light harvesting, resulting in enhanced quantum efficiency (QE). The nanophotonic PSC enables JSC improvement by ∼17% while reducing the reflection by 12%, resulting in an estimated conversion efficiency over 23%. It is further demonstrated how the PSCs’ UV-stability can be improved without considerably sacrificing optoelectronic performances. Particulars of nanophotonic designed ZnO:Cr front contact, PSCs device, and fabrication process are described. 

/pdf/nanophotonic-structured-front-contact-for-high-performance-3rcank5p.pdf

Kamaruzzaman Sopian

Papers

Concepts and Challenges of Nanofluids and Phase Change Material (PCM) in Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Collectors: A Review

Techno-Economic Analysis of Dual Ejectors Solar Assisted Combined Absorption Cooling Cycle

DFM and DFA approach on designing pressure vessel

The suitability of statistical distribution in fitting wind speed data

Nanophotonic-structured front contact for high-performance perovskite solar cells