There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Physical Review B

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) constitute a class of flexible nonlinear models designed to mimic biological neural systems. In this entry, we introduce ANN using familiar econometric terminology and provide an overview of ANN modeling approach and its implementation methods. † Correspondence: Chung-Ming Kuan, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan; ckuan@econ.sinica.edu.tw. †† I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the editor, Professor Steven Durlauf, for his patience and constructive comments on early drafts of this entry. I also thank Shih-Hsun Hsu and Yu-Lieh Huang for very helpful suggestions. The remaining errors are all mine.

Artificial neural networks

Problem statement: Impact of air exchange effectiveness on thermal comfort has not been investigated and, therefore, not well understood .Therefore, the influence of air exchange effectiveness on thermal comfort is investigated in this study. Approach: The main objective of this research is to investigate the thermal comfort level of an air-conditioned office room under 14 windows-door opening arrangements as a function of maximum, minimum and mean Air Exchange Effectiveness (AEE), as has not been inquired into already. The tracer gas decay method has been applied during the experimental procedures to estimate air exchange effectiveness, on the basis of room average and local mean age of air. Simultaneously, thermal comfort variables were measured and through these data, the thermal comforts Fanger's indices (PMV and PPD) were calculated. Staff answered a survey on their sensation of the indoor climate. Results: Results of 60 survey responses to thermal comfort questions in office and indoor air quality are presented. This study has shown that there are relationship between AEE and thermal comfort and three linear regression equations of PMV versus AEE can be derived for this air-conditioned office. Conclusion: Studies on the effect of air exchange effectiveness on thermal comfort in an office have shown that Thermal comfort is influenced by AEE, which go beyond the six factors which have been taken into account in PMV modeling.

/pdf/the-impact-of-air-exchange-effectiveness-on-thermal-comfort-3126w1qqbk.pdf

The impact of air exchange effectiveness on thermal comfort in an air-conditioned office

Polycrystalline cadmium telluride (cdte) thin film solar cells grown by relatively cheaper technologies have drawn much attention as to be considered as a leading candidate for cost-competitive pv electricity source. Achievements such as high cell efficiency (cell efficiency over 16%), good module efficiency (over 10%) and the existence of the pilot production facilities have placed cdte to the frontier of thin film solar cells. As thin film solar cells are advantageous over the bulk solar cells on several merits, extensive research are required to drag out the possible best efficiency near to its theoretical limit. In order to realize the material conservation and achieve the environmental concerns (toxicity dose to natural level) as well as to upgrade the performance by controlling the carrier recombination loss throughout the absorber, numerical analyses have been carried out to decrease the thickness of the cdte absorption layer to 1um. To date, practical research works related to this study have realized cell efficiencies of 15.3% and 11.5% with 7 um and 1.2 um-thick cdte, respectively by closed space sublimation (css) growth technique. Since some disadvantages remain with such thin cdte layers, possible countermeasures have been investigated to realize higher efficiency from theoretical analysis. This work presents the justification of such thickness reduction of the cdte absorber layer as well as proposes a novel cell structure from numerical analysis performed by a one-dimensional simulation program for solar cells named numerical solar cell simulation program (nssp). The justification of cdte thickness reduction is mainly emphasized and a back surface field (i.e. Bsf) insertion of wider bandgap material e.g. Zinc telluride (znte) can be proposed to solve problems associated with such 1 μm-thick cdte solar cells. This study would hopefully help to realize low-cost high efficiency solar cell for terrestrial use in the coming future.

http://www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2008/spain/ps/ps48.pdf

Significance of Absorber Thickness Reduction in CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells for Promising Terrestrial Usage - From the Perspective of Numerical Analysis

Estimating the a solar assisted drying system capacity for marine products

The performance of solar cell with periodic surface texture pattern was reported. One and two dimensions texturing with the nitride antireflection coating were compared. An I-V tester calibrated by Sandia National Laboratories was used. A 2 cm2 bare monocrystalline silicon solar cell was chosen for comparison. 2D surface texturing showed the best output with maximum short current 0.050 mA. A meteoritic 3D microscope was used to check the textured surface as a non distractive test (NDT).

/pdf/evaluation-of-1d-and-2d-texturing-of-monocrystalline-solar-3y7odezyap.pdf

Evaluation of 1D and 2D texturing of monocrystalline solar cell

Thermal modeling is one of the approaches used to assess the performance of photovoltaic thermal. The main objective of this study is to validate thermal modeling by using the experimental results to estimate the back surface temperature of a photovoltaic module in hot and humid climate. Several assumptions have been made to simplify the analysis base on energy balance method. Good agreement is observed between the experiment and thermal modeling, with a correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square percent deviation of 0.931 and 12.1% respectively.

Kamaruzzaman Sopian

Papers

The impact of air exchange effectiveness on thermal comfort in an air-conditioned office

Significance of Absorber Thickness Reduction in CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells for Promising Terrestrial Usage - From the Perspective of Numerical Analysis

Estimating the a solar assisted drying system capacity for marine products

Evaluation of 1D and 2D texturing of monocrystalline solar cell

Validation of Thermal Modelling for the Back Surface Temperature of a Photovoltaic Module for Hot and Humid Climate