Kari Ann Shirey

TL;DR: A set of standards encompassing three principles-the source of macrophages, definition of the activators, and a consensus collection of markers to describe macrophage activation are described with the goal of unifying experimental standards for diverse experimental scenarios.

TL;DR: E Eritoran (also known as E5564)-a potent, well-tolerated, synthetic TLR4 antagonist-blocks influenza-induced lethality in mice, as well as lung pathology, clinical symptoms, cytokine and oxidized phospholipid expression, and decreases viral titres as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: New treatment strategies for RSV are suggested that promote AA-Mφ differentiation, which is required for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ expression and regulates IL-4, IL-13,IL-4Rα, and IL-10 expression in response to RSV.

TL;DR: H Heller et al. have found a critical difference in the signaling pathways activated by IL-4 and IL-13, which may help in the development of more selective therapies against allergic asthma.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported that infection with the live vaccine strain (LVS) of the causative agent of tularemia induced TLR2-dependent expression of alternative activation markers that followed the appearance of classically activated markers.