Kenneth P. Klaasen

TL;DR: A large increase in organic material occurred during and after the event, with smaller changes in carbon dioxide relative to water, and a thermal map indicates a surface in equilibrium with sunlight.

TL;DR: High-resolution Galileo spacecraft images of Europa are presented, in which evidence for mobile ‘icebergs’ is found and the detailed morphology of the terrain strongly supports the presence of liquid water at shallow depths below the surface, either today or at some time in the past.

TL;DR: In situ observations show that comet Hartley 2 is an unusually hyperactive comet, and this nucleus is outgassing primarily because of CO2, which drags chunks of ice out of the nucleus.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize the geological evidence regarding an extant subsurface ocean, concentrating on Galileo imaging data and assess nine pertinent lines of geological evidence: impact morphologies, lenticulae, cryovolcanic features, pull-apart bands, chaos, ridges, surface frosts, topography, and global tectonics.

TL;DR: The direct detection of solid water ice deposits exposed on the surface of comet 9P/Tempel 1, as observed by the Deep Impact mission, suggests that the surface deposits are loose aggregates.