Showing papers by "Lawrence G. Rudski published in 2015"
University of Chicago1, University of Padua2, McGill University3, Johns Hopkins University4, French Institute of Health and Medical Research5, Uppsala University6, University of California, San Francisco7, MedStar Washington Hospital Center8, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven9, University of Liège10, Harvard University11, Ghent University Hospital12, University of Toronto13
TL;DR: This document provides updated normal values for all four cardiac chambers, including three-dimensional echocardiography and myocardial deformation, when possible, on the basis of considerably larger numbers of normal subjects, compiled from multiple databases.
Abstract: The rapid technological developments of the past decade and the changes in echocardiographic practice brought about by these developments have resulted in the need for updated recommendations to the previously published guidelines for cardiac chamber quantification, which was the goal of the joint writing group assembled by the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. This document provides updated normal values for all four cardiac chambers, including three-dimensional echocardiography and myocardial deformation, when possible, on the basis of considerably larger numbers of normal subjects, compiled from multiple databases. In addition, this document attempts to eliminate several minor discrepancies that existed between previously published guidelines.
11,568 citations
TL;DR: The current methods used in contemporary echocardiography laboratories are reviewed, with an emphasis on a guideline-based approach as well as emerging techniques.
Abstract: The ability to properly evaluate the right ventricular size and function can have important consequences for clinical management and prognosis. Echocardiography is and will remain the leading method of right ventricle (RV) assessment due to its ease of use and wealth of diagnostic information provided. Understanding the various strengths and limitations of the diverse echocardiographic methods of RV assessment can allow a systematic approach to resolve situations where one’s quantitative parameters are not necessarily concordant. Quantification of RV volume can be done by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography. Measurements of RV systolic function include fractional area change (FAC), right-sided index of myocardial performance (RIMP), RV ejection fraction (RVEF), tricuspid annular plane excursion by M-Mode (TAPSE), tricuspid annular systolic longitudinal velocity by tissue Doppler (S’), and regional strain and strain rate. RVEF can also be assessed volumetrically by 3D echocardiography. This article will review the current methods used in contemporary echocardiography laboratories, with an emphasis on a guideline-based approach as well as emerging techniques.
49 citations
TL;DR: TLA plays a significant role in determining which patients with PH develop severe functional TR and the ratio of TLA:closure area, reflecting the balance between leaflet adaptation versus annular dilation and tethering forces, is an indicator of TR severity that may identify which patients stand to benefit from leaflet augmentation during tricuspid valve repair.
Abstract: Background— Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a risk factor for mortality in pulmonary hypertension (PH). TR severity varies among patients with comparable degrees of PH and right ventricular remodeling. The contribution of leaflet adaptation to the pathophysiology of TR has yet to be examined. We hypothesized that tricuspid leaflet area (TLA) is increased in PH, and that the adequacy of this increase relative to right ventricular remodeling determines TR severity. Methods and Results— A prospective cohort of 255 patients with PH from pre and postcapillary pathogeneses was assembled from 2 centers. Patients underwent a 3-dimensional echocardiogram focused on the tricuspid apparatus. TLA was measured with the Omni 4D software package. Compared with normal controls, patients with PH had a 2-fold increase in right ventricular volumes, 62% increase in annular area, and 49% increase in TLA. Those with severe TR demonstrated inadequate increase in TLA relative to the closure area, such that the ratio of TLA:closure area Conclusions— TLA plays a significant role in determining which patients with PH develop severe functional TR. The ratio of TLA:closure area, reflecting the balance between leaflet adaptation versus annular dilation and tethering forces, is an indicator of TR severity that may identify which patients stand to benefit from leaflet augmentation during tricuspid valve repair.
46 citations
TL;DR: Cautious use of nitroglycerin in patients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis and presenting with acute pulmonary edema may be a safer strategy than traditionally thought.
15 citations
TL;DR: Echocardiographic measures of LV diastolic dysfunction and RV performance add incremental value to the STS risk score and should be integrated in prediction when evaluating the risk of AVR.
Abstract: Background Risk prediction is a critical step in patient selection for aortic valve replacement (AVR), yet existing risk scores incorporate very few echocardiographic parameters. We sought to evaluate the incremental predictive value of a complete echocardiogram to identify high‐risk surgical candidates before AVR.
Methods and Results A cohort of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing surgical AVR with or without coronary bypass was assembled at 2 tertiary centers. Preoperative echocardiograms were reviewed by independent observers to quantify chamber size/function and valve function. Patient databases were queried to extract clinical data. The cohort consisted of 432 patients with a mean age of 73.5 years and 38.7% females. Multivariable logistic regression revealed 3 echocardiographic predictors of in‐hospital mortality or major morbidity: E/e’ ratio reflective of elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressure; myocardial performance index reflective of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction; and small LV end‐diastolic cavity size. Addition of these echocardiographic parameters to the STS risk score led to an integrated discrimination improvement of 4.1% ( P <0.0001). After a median follow‐up of 2 years, Cox regression revealed 5 echocardiographic predictors of all‐cause mortality: small LV end‐diastolic cavity size; LV mass index; mitral regurgitation grade; right atrial area index; and mean aortic gradient <40 mm Hg.
Conclusions Echocardiographic measures of LV diastolic dysfunction and RV performance add incremental value to the STS risk score and should be integrated in prediction when evaluating the risk of AVR. In addition, findings of small hypertrophied LV cavities and/or low mean aortic gradients confer a higher risk of 2‐year mortality.
14 citations
TL;DR: Results of the ELOPE Study indicate that almost half of PE patients can be considered to have a "post-PE syndrome" characterized by exercise limitation at 1 year, which influences their QOL and degree of dyspnea.
8 citations
TL;DR: Improvement in LV end-systolic dimension, RV function, and mitral regurgitation were independent predictors of 5-year survival and, importantly, more predictive than baseline values of these parameters alone (higher hazard ratios).
4 citations
TL;DR: More recent techniques, particularly 3D echocardiography, have provided novel insights into how to ascertain the mechanism and severity of tricuspid regurgitation, how the tric Suspid valve adapts to disease and, importantly, how to assess the effects of TR on right ventricular size and function.
Abstract: The tricuspid valve is, in fact, anatomically and functionally more complex than its left-sided counterpart—the mitral valve Patients may develop tricuspid regurgitation from a variety of mechanisms While current guidelines provide a very basic approach to tricuspid regurgitation (TR) evaluation, more recent techniques, particularly 3D echocardiography, have provided novel insights into how we can ascertain the mechanism and severity of tricuspid regurgitation, how the tricuspid valve adapts to disease and, importantly, how we assess the effects of TR on right ventricular size and function We anticipate that these advances will soon yield dividends that will help us decide on approaches to treatment and timing of surgery
4 citations
TL;DR: On average, dyspnea, QOL and walking capacity improve during the year after PE, most notably during the first 3 months after PE diagnosis, but those patients with abnormal VO2max at 1 year had less improvement over time and worse 1 year scores for all measures, compared to those with normal VO2 max at 1year.
1 citations