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Using Multivariate Statistics

MKT 6009 Marketing Internship (0 semester credit hours) Student gains experience and improves skills through appropriate developmental work assignments in a real business environment. Student must identify and submit specific business learning objectives at the beginning of the semester. The student must demonstrate exposure to the managerial perspective via involvement or observation. At semester end, student prepares an oral or poster presentation, or a written paper reflecting on the work experience. Student performance is evaluated by the work supervisor. Pass/Fail only. Prerequisites: (MAS 6102 or MBA major) and department consent required. (0-0) S MKT 6244 Digital Marketing Strategy (2 semester credit hours) Executive Education Course. The course explores three distinct areas within marketing and sales namely, digital marketing, traditional sales prospecting, and executive sales organization and strategy. The continuing convergence of the digital marketing and sales funnels has created a strategic continuum from digital lead generation to digital sales. The course identifies the current composition of this digital continuum while providing opportunities to evaluate sales and marketing digital strategies. Prerequisites: MKT 6301 and instructor consent required. (2-0) Y MKT 6301 (SYSM 6318) Marketing Management (3 semester credit hours) Overview of marketing management methods, principles and concepts including product, pricing, promotion and distribution decisions as well as segmentation, targeting and positioning. (3-0) S MKT 6309 Marketing Data Analysis and Research (3 semester credit hours) Methods employed in market research and data analysis to understand consumer behavior, customer journeys, and markets so as to enable better decision-making. Topics include understanding different sources of data, survey design, experiments, and sampling plans. The course will cover the techniques used for market sizing estimation and forecasting. In addition, the course will cover the foundational concepts and techniques used in data visualization and \"story-telling\" for clients and management. Corequisites: MKT 6301 and OPRE 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6310 Consumer Behavior (3 semester credit hours) An exposition of the theoretical perspectives of consumer behavior along with practical marketing implication. Study of psychological, sociological and behavioral findings and frameworks with reference to consumer decision-making. Topics will include the consumer decision-making model, individual determinants of consumer behavior and environmental influences on consumer behavior and their impact on marketing. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6321 Interactive and Digital Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Introduction to the theory and practice of interactive and digital marketing. Topics covered include: online-market research, consumer behavior, conversion metrics, and segmentation considerations; ecommerce, search and display advertising, audiences, search engine marketing, email, mobile, video, social networks, and the Internet of Things. (3-0) T MKT 6322 Internet Business Models (3 semester credit hours) Topics to be covered are: consumer behavior on the Internet, advertising on the Internet, competitive strategies, market research using the Internet, brand management, managing distribution and supply chains, pricing strategies, electronic payment systems, and developing virtual organizations. Further, students learn auction theory, web content design, and clickstream analysis. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6323 Database Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Techniques to analyze, interpret, and utilize marketing databases of customers to identify a firm's best customers, understanding their needs, and targeting communications and promotions to retain such customers. Topics

Marketing for management.

Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity

The 2008 crash has left all the established economic doctrines - equilibrium models, real business cycles, disequilibria models - in disarray. Part of the problem is due to Smith’s "veil of ignorance": individuals unknowingly pursue society’s interest and, as a result, have no clue as to the macroeconomic effects of their actions: witness the Keynes and Leontief multipliers, the concept of value added, fiat money, Engel’s law and technical progress, to name but a few of the macrofoundations of microeconomics. A good viewpoint to take bearings anew lies in comparing the post-Great Depression institutions with those emerging from Thatcher and Reagan’s economic policies: deregulation, exogenous vs. endoge- nous money, shadow banking vs. Volcker’s Rule. Very simply, the banks, whose lending determined deposits after Roosevelt, and were a public service became private enterprises whose deposits determine lending. These underlay the great moderation preceding 2006, and the subsequent crash.

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism

Recording of presentation introducing narrative analysis, outlining what it is, why it can be a useful approach, how to do it and where to find out more. Presentation given at methods@manchester seminar at University of Manchester on 4 March 2010.

What is Narrative Analysis

Toward a Multidisciplinary Definition of Indigenous Entrepreneurship

Philanthropy tries to improve the condition of people Yet there are different models of philanthropy American philanthropy tries to improve conditions for different people, without reference to race or language; this evolved from the notion of equality In contrast, Chinese clans arose in Singapore, as a response to a society segmented along racial and linguistic lines; in a culture that emphasized face, rich entrepreneurs could "buy" prestige and leadership positions, by assisting their poor This article examines philanthropy as practiced by entrepreneurs in America, and compares this to the Chinese model of wealth redistribution The latter is centered on clan associations In the new economy, however, these have been losing importance, as governments take on some roles previously taken care of by such associations; this includes, for instance, education and assistance to start-up entrepreneurs We conclude that there appears to be a relationship between philanthropy, government and entrepreneurship

Contrasting Two Models of Wealth Redistribution

Under colonial rule, poor and uneducated Portuguese controlled the business opportunities in Mozambique, and when independence came, the country was governed by a Marxist dictatorship. Consequently, indigenous entrepreneurship in Mozambique is lacking. The nation is attempting to cope with the problems of an uneducated population and insufficient food production. Small business is looked upon as the cure-all, and the World Bank financed a scheme to promote business of this size. However, because the population is still traumatized from the recent civil war and the resulting extreme poverty, people are lacking the motivation to invest much effort. Furthermore, a poor infrastructure adds to the list of problems. Mozambique is the poorest country in the world (per capita GNP in 1994 was $80 U.S.), not because of lack of resources, but largely due to historical and psychological factors. This international note reports on the state of small business in Mozambique, discussing a variety of causal variables. In this discussion, the term "micro-enterprise" is used as defined by the government of Mozambique - a business concern with not more than ten employees. Historical Background When the Portuguese arrived in Mozambique during the 1400s, their principal activity was not the colonization of east Africa, but rather the establishment of trading enclaves where gold, ivory, and slaves could be purchased. A protectionist policy was introduced to seal off the territory from potential investments by any non-Portuguese parties, and throughout the colonial years, Portugal kept a tight control over Mozambique. The slave trade flourished until the twentieth century. Records indicate that by 1912, Mozambique had exported millions of slaves. When slavery was officially abolished, forced labor, known as chibalo, was introduced. Mozambique sent citizens to work in South African gold mines; the South Africans paid for the labor, but Portugal did not allow the miners to keep any of their wages. The Portuguese also introduced forced labor on plantations, on motor ways, and on the railroad. Portugal developed quite a dependence on its colonies. During the years following World War II, more than half a million peasant families in Mozambique were producing cotton. Cotton producers in Mozambique were forced to grow cotton and sell it to the state below world market prices. This allowed Portugal to rely on its colonies for 96 per cent of its needs. Where cotton could not grow, farmers were made to grow groundnuts and/or rice. Cashew nuts became Mozambique's major export, while the people of Mozambique relied on South Africa for energy and basic foods including fish, maize, onions, potatoes, and other vegetables. In 1953, the Portuguese ordered people to leave their farms and villages to clear more land for forced cotton growing. Each family was also obliged to grow cassava and sorghum. Asians, however, were exempt from forced labor and were allowed to operate their private small businesses. According to the 1955 census, 65 per cent of the Europeans in Mozambique were illiterate at the time. Illiteracy among Africans was even higher. In 1962, an independence movement was established. It came to be known as the Frente de Liberacao de Mocambique (Front for the Liberation of Mozambique), also referred to as Frelimo. It began a violent revolution in 1964. In April, 1974, the coup in Portugal ended half a century of Fascist rule, but launched what would become civil war in Mozambique. Portugal abandoned its colonies in September, and Fralimo took control of Mozambique. In response to changes in the political environment, 90 per cent of the 200,000 Europeans in Mozambique departed for Portugal. With formal independence on June 25, 1975, the people of Mozambique were relieved to learn that they could grow cotton if and when they wished to, as forced cotton growing had been officially banned. However, less than a month later, education, funerals, health, and law were nationalized. …

Small Business in Mozambique after the War

Interest in entrepreneurship education in Europe is relatively new yet rapidly emerging. This study reports on a cross section of programs existing in several European countries. Comparing trends in Europe with those in the United States, the author found that the principal strength of prominent programs in Europe was their practical approach. Another difference was that entrepreneurship education has spread more rapidly into rural areas in Europe than into nonurban America. Strengths of programs in the United States included a greater diversification of courses and numerous doctoral activities, two elements that European counterparts may soon wish to adopt.

Entrepreneurial Education in Europe

In contrast to reform in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, where a market economy was decreed to have replaced communism, liberalization in Vietnam has involved ushering in entrepreneurship as a complement to state enterprise, rather than as a replacement of Marxist ideals. Without overthrowing the socialist establishment, doi moi (literally "renovation"), the Vietnamese version of perestroika is allowing small businesses to play an increasingly important role in the economic development of the nation. New billboards promote doi moi, yet old posters continue to urge workers to follow socialism. This article summarizes the evolution of economic developments in Vietnam, followed by a description of the current state of entrepreneurship. The lack of published research about Vietnam made this study especially interesting and challenging. Methodology involved document analysis, observation of transactions and interactions among entrepreneurs, and in-depth interviews of entrepreneurs and consultants, on location in Indo-China. Historical Background Tonkin, the northern part of Vietnam, was a province of the Chinese Empire from the year 42 A.D. until the fall of the T'ang dynasty in 906. It subsequently became independent in 938, reverting to Chinese rule from 1407 until 1427. Further south, the kingdom of Champa (central Vietnam), was founded in the third century. It was eventually absorbed by the expanding Vietnamese kingdom, but a lengthy civil war split the latter in 1660. The extreme southern part of Vietnam remained under Cambodian rule until a century later. Vietnam was unified for the first time in 1802. In order to protect missionaries in Vietnam, France invaded the south in 1859. Eight years later, the status of the latter was changed to the colony of French Cochin-China. In 1885, France established a protectorate over the rest of Vietnam. In 1941, Japan occupied Vietnam. After the Japanese surrender in September 1945, Nguyen That Thanh, calling himself Ho Chi Minh--literally "the brilliant one"--declared himself president of the independent Republic of Vietnam. France sent its military to reassert French rule, and by 1946 France had regained control of its former colony of Cochin-China but not of its former protectorate to the north. A 1954 armistice agreement in Geneva created the 61,293 square mile Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) north of the 17th parallel with Hanoi as its capital. The Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) was limited to 67,108 square miles in the south with Saigon as its capital. When the communist Viet Minh took control of North Vietnam, the government instituted a program of land reform. Consequently, several hundred thousand small-scale landowners fled to the south, where the spirit of entrepreneurship survived. In 1964, U.S. President Lyndon Johnson sent forces into battle to assure the independence of South Vietnam, but it was overrun by the north in 1975. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam was created in 1976. Hanoi, formerly the administrative capital of Indo-China and later the capital of North Vietnam, became the capital of the new Socialist Republic. With the merger, even the smallest business in the south was nationalized. All of the bookstores were shut down and their inventory confiscated. Government newspapers replaced the existing dailies. Private homes were raided and "decadent" literature was burned. Schools of bourgeois learning were closed as the Hanoi government tried to spread Marxist ideology. All bank accounts in former South Vietnam were frozen, and the South Vietnamese were told they had 12 hours to take their cash to the banks because the South Vietnamese currency would become worthless. The savings of each family was limited to the equivalent of 1,000 French francs (approximately $200 U.S.). At the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Trong Chinh declared that: The State of the Socialist Republic of Viet- nam is a proletarian dictatorship state. …

Leo Paul Dana

Papers

Toward a Multidisciplinary Definition of Indigenous Entrepreneurship

Contrasting Two Models of Wealth Redistribution

Small Business in Mozambique after the War

Entrepreneurial Education in Europe

A Marxist Mini-Dragon? Entrepreneurship in Today's Vietnam