Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

Matrix-related pore networks in mudrocks are composed of nanometer- to micrometer-size pores. In shale-gas systems, these pores, along with natural fractures, form the flow-path (permeability) network that allows flow of gas from the mudrock to induced fractures during production. A pore classification consisting of three major matrix-related pore types is presented that can be used to quantify matrix-related pores and relate them to pore networks. Two pore types are associated with the mineral matrix; the third pore type is associated with organic matter (OM). Fracture pores are not controlled by individual matrix particles and are not part of this classification. Pores associated with mineral particles can be subdivided into interparticle (interP) pores that are found between particles and crystals and intraparticle (intraP) pores that are located within particles. Organic-matter pores are intraP pores located within OM. Interparticle mineral pores have a higher probability of being part of an effective pore network than intraP mineral pores because they are more likely to be interconnected. Although they are intraP, OM pores are also likely to be part of an interconnected network because of the interconnectivity of OM particles. In unlithifed near-surface muds, pores consist of interP and intraP pores, and as the muds are buried, they compact and lithify. During the compaction process, a large number of interP and intraP pores are destroyed, especially in ductile grain-rich muds. Compaction can decrease the pore volume up to 88% by several kilometers of burial. At the onset of hydrocarbon thermal maturation, OM pores are created in kerogen. At depth, dissolution of chemically unstable particles can create additional moldic intraP pores.

Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores

Geological atlas of western and central Europe

We present an integrated geomagnetic polarity and stratigraphic time scale for the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods of the Mesozoic Era, with age estimates and uncertainty limits for stage boundaries. The time scale uses a suite of 324 radiomenc dates, including high-resolution 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age estimates. This framework involves the observed ties between (1) radiometric dates, biozones, and stage boundaries, and (2) between biozones and magnetic reversals on the seafloor and in sediments. Interpolation techniques include maximum likelihood estimation, smoothing cubic spline fitting, and magnetochronology

A Mesozoic time scale

The Jurassic succession of the Wessex Basin, especially that cropping out along the Dorset Coast, contains important Lagerstatten for coleoid cephalopods. The Blue Lias and Charmouth Mudstone formations have, since the nineteenth century, provided large numbers of important body fossils that inform our knowledge of coleoid palaeontology. In many of these mudstones specimens of palaeobiological significance have been found, especially those with the arms and hooks with which the living animals caught their prey. This is particularly true in the case of a specimen of Clarkeiteuthis sp. cf. C. montefiorei (Buckman, 1879) found in the nineteenth century with a fish in its jaws and which appears to have caused the death, and subsequent preservation, of both animals.

Life and Death in the Jurassic Seas of Dorset, Southern England

The Upper Artian-Albian succession of the Sergipe Basin Brazil

A preliminary investigation into calcareous dinoflagellate cysts and problematic microfossils from an expanded Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary section at Kulstirenden, Stevns Klint, Denmark

The description of a newly discovered diatom flora from the Bracklesham Group (Eocene) sediments exposed in Whitecliff Bay (Isle of Wight, UK) is extended and the palaeogeographical implications discussed. The diatom assemblage, which includes Aulacodiscus singiliewskyanus , A. subexcavatus , Brightwellia hyperborea , Coscinodiscus morsianus , Fenestrella antiqua , Stellarima microtrias , Stephanopyxis turris , ?Thalassiosiropsis wittiana , Trinacria regina and Triceratium spp., is described from the foreshore exposures rather than the badly weathered succession exposed in the cliffs. The flora, which is preserved as pyrite steinkerns, is both diverse and abundant. Only centric diatoms have been recorded and this indicates an open marine environment. The large foraminiferid Nummulites laevigatus is also present in these glauconitic silts and sands. The distribution of these two groups of microfossils, and the associated macrofauna, is used to propose a sequence stratigraphical interpretation for this part of the Eocene succession. The Marsh farm Formation, hitherto regarded as estuarine or non-marine, is shown to be of open marine origin by the presence of marine diatom species.

Malcolm B. Hart

Papers

Life and Death in the Jurassic Seas of Dorset, Southern England

The Upper Artian-Albian succession of the Sergipe Basin Brazil

A preliminary investigation into calcareous dinoflagellate cysts and problematic microfossils from an expanded Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary section at Kulstirenden, Stevns Klint, Denmark

Middle Eocene diatoms from Whitecliff Bay, Isle of Wight, England: stratigraphy and preservation

Orbitally induced cycles in the Mesozoic sediments of S. W. England