Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

Matrix-related pore networks in mudrocks are composed of nanometer- to micrometer-size pores. In shale-gas systems, these pores, along with natural fractures, form the flow-path (permeability) network that allows flow of gas from the mudrock to induced fractures during production. A pore classification consisting of three major matrix-related pore types is presented that can be used to quantify matrix-related pores and relate them to pore networks. Two pore types are associated with the mineral matrix; the third pore type is associated with organic matter (OM). Fracture pores are not controlled by individual matrix particles and are not part of this classification. Pores associated with mineral particles can be subdivided into interparticle (interP) pores that are found between particles and crystals and intraparticle (intraP) pores that are located within particles. Organic-matter pores are intraP pores located within OM. Interparticle mineral pores have a higher probability of being part of an effective pore network than intraP mineral pores because they are more likely to be interconnected. Although they are intraP, OM pores are also likely to be part of an interconnected network because of the interconnectivity of OM particles. In unlithifed near-surface muds, pores consist of interP and intraP pores, and as the muds are buried, they compact and lithify. During the compaction process, a large number of interP and intraP pores are destroyed, especially in ductile grain-rich muds. Compaction can decrease the pore volume up to 88% by several kilometers of burial. At the onset of hydrocarbon thermal maturation, OM pores are created in kerogen. At depth, dissolution of chemically unstable particles can create additional moldic intraP pores.

Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores

Geological atlas of western and central Europe

We present an integrated geomagnetic polarity and stratigraphic time scale for the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods of the Mesozoic Era, with age estimates and uncertainty limits for stage boundaries. The time scale uses a suite of 324 radiomenc dates, including high-resolution 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age estimates. This framework involves the observed ties between (1) radiometric dates, biozones, and stage boundaries, and (2) between biozones and magnetic reversals on the seafloor and in sediments. Interpolation techniques include maximum likelihood estimation, smoothing cubic spline fitting, and magnetochronology

A Mesozoic time scale

Preliminary findings are described of the post- and syn-depositional diagenetic events in the chert-bearing beds of the Portland Limestone Formation. Central to this investigation is the JSM6100 scanning electron microscope with LINK dispersive X-ray analytical capability. Chertification was not homogeneous and a distinct silica banding and zonation can be seen in chert nodules and beds. Previous authors have attributed the silica source to the abundant sponge spicules within the rock. These spicules are now found to be calcitic. If earlier assumptions are true, therefore, the initial spicules must have undergone solution of silica and subsequent replacement by secondary calcite

Chert formation in the portland limestone formation (upper jurassic) of the dorset coast; a preliminary investigation

The detailed analysis of a sedimentary succession requires an accurate, viable, chronostratigraphic framework. This is especially true if sequence.stratigraphy is to be attempted, as inaccuracies in dating will tend to invalidate any model and make reltive sea-level changes impossible to assess. Within the Albian to Turonian internal there available detailed and well-tested biostratigraphic zonal schemes based on both micro- and macro-palaeontology; across southern England two «mega-sequences» are identified as well as many other regionally significant sequence boundaries

Sequence stratigraphy and sea-level changes in the mid-cretaceous (albian to turonian) of southern england; a preliminary investigation

Reply to Comment: Holocene palaeoceanographic changes in Barrow Strait, Canadian Arctic: foraminiferal evidence. T. R. Gregory, C. W. Smart, M. B. Hart, G. Massé, L. L. Vare and S. T. Belt (2010). Journal of Quaternary Science25: 903-910

. Jurassic (Bathonian–Oxfordian) planktic foraminifera from the
epicontinental strata of the Polish Basin have been investigated. The
palaeoecology, palaeobiogeography, and biostratigraphical potential of the
recorded taxa are discussed. Four species are recorded: Conoglobigerina helvetojurassica (Haeusler, 1881),
Globuligerina balakhmatovae (Morozova, 1961), G. bathoniana (Pazdrowa, 1969), and G. oxfordiana (Grigelis, 1958). This assemblage is
probably the most diverse of those described to date from the epicontinental
areas of Europe. The recorded taxa are thought to represent three different
ecological morphotypes. The clear relationship between
transgressive–regressive facies and the palaeobiogeography of the recorded
planktic foraminifera indicates a morphotype-related depth–distribution
pattern in which small, simple, globular-chambered morphotypes occupied
shallow waters whereas slightly larger, more complex forms, or those with
hemispherical chambers, inhabited deeper and more open-water environments.

/pdf/jurassic-planktic-foraminifera-from-the-polish-basin-11126745k7.pdf

Jurassic planktic foraminifera from the Polish Basin

Site 551, Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 80 is located at lat. 48°54’.64”N long. 13°30’.09”W (Fig. 1), on Goban Spur, and was drilled to a depth of 3,887m. It penetrated a post-Aptian Mesozoic and Tertiary postrift drape over the en-echelon listric faulted basement of the eastern Atlantic passive margin (Graciansky et al. 1985). The oldest sediments recovered were 2.3m of late Cenomanian nannofossil chalk which rest unconformably on basaltic basement (Fig. 2). These are overlain by 4.1m of black, organic-rich, finely laminated shale (Graciansky et al. 1985), which are thought to be the local representation of the late Cenomanian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) of Schlanger and Jenkyns (1976) (see Schlanger et al. 1987, for a recent review). The complete section has been used to assess the major microfaunal changes across the OAE (Hart 1985; Hart and Ball 1986; Leary 1987) but this study is only concerned with a comparison of the pre-OAE Foraminiferida. The presence of Rotalipora cushmani (Morrow) and Rotalipora greenhornensis (Morrow) in all samples (Fig. 2) (Graciansky et al. 1985) indicate the upper part of the R. cushmani T.R.Z. of Robazynski and Caron (1979).

Malcolm B. Hart

Papers

Chert formation in the portland limestone formation (upper jurassic) of the dorset coast; a preliminary investigation

Sequence stratigraphy and sea-level changes in the mid-cretaceous (albian to turonian) of southern england; a preliminary investigation

Reply to Comment: Holocene palaeoceanographic changes in Barrow Strait, Canadian Arctic: foraminiferal evidence. T. R. Gregory, C. W. Smart, M. B. Hart, G. Massé, L. L. Vare and S. T. Belt (2010). Journal of Quaternary Science25: 903-910

Jurassic planktic foraminifera from the Polish Basin

Comparisons of the late Cenomanian Foraminiferida from Goban Spur, Site 551, DSDP Leg 80 (Western Approaches) and Dover (SE England)