https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Plant essential oils for pest and disease management

Biological effects of resveratrol.

Resveratrol, trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, was first isolated in 1940 as a constituent of the roots of white hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum O. Loes), but has since been found in various plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. Besides cardioprotective effects, resveratrol exhibits anticancer properties, as suggested by its ability to suppress proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells, including lymphoid and myeloid cancers; multiple myeloma; cancers of the breast, prostate, stomach, colon, pancreas, and thyroid; melanoma; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; ovarian carcinoma; and cervical carcinoma. The growth-inhibitory effects of resveratrol are mediated through cell-cycle arrest; upregulation of p21Cip1/WAF1, p53 and Bax; down-regulation of survivin, cyclin D1, cyclin E, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and clAPs; and activation of caspases. Resveratrol has been shown to suppress the activation of several transcription factors, including NF-kappaB, AP-1 and Egr-1; to inhibit protein kinases including IkappaBalpha kinase, JNK, MAPK, Akt, PKC, PKD and casein kinase II; and to down-regulate products of genes such as COX-2, 5-LOX, VEGF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, AR and PSA. These activities account for the suppression of angiogenesis by this stilbene. Resveratrol also has been shown to potentiate the apoptotic effects of cytokines (e.g., TRAIL), chemotherapeutic agents and gamma-radiation. Phamacokinetic studies revealed that the target organs of resveratrol are liver and kidney, where it is concentrated after absorption and is mainly converted to a sulfated form and a glucuronide conjugate. In vivo, resveratrol blocks the multistep process of carcinogenesis at various stages: it blocks carcinogen activation by inhibiting aryl hydrocarbon-induced CYP1A1 expression and activity, and suppresses tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Besides chemopreventive effects, resveratrol appears to exhibit therapeutic effects against cancer. Limited data in humans have revealed that resveratrol is pharmacologically quite safe. Currently, structural analogues of resveratrol with improved bioavailability are being pursued as potential therapeutic agents for cancer.

/pdf/role-of-resveratrol-in-prevention-and-therapy-of-cancer-tq57uztzep.pdf

Role of Resveratrol in Prevention and Therapy of Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Sodium laureth sulfate and amino acid type surfactants have been categorized as low-skin irritation chemicals based on results of previous skin irritation tests. However, detergent-induced skin irritation still occurs. Detergents with a low-skin irritation effect are required, since the number of cosmetics for sensitive skin has increased. Therefore, an in vitro method of testing the safety of cosmetics for sensitive skin is required. Skin irritation by anionic surfactants was investigated to determine the effect of laureth-3 carboxylate (polyoxyethylene lauryl carboxymethyl ether) amino acid salt on skin irritation. In addition, sodium laureth sulfate and amino acid type surfactants, regarded as low-irritation surfactants, were also tested for skin irritation. The skin irritation effect of laureth-3 carboxylate lysine salt (Surfactant 1), sodium laureth sulfate (Surfactant 2), and sodium N-lauroyl glutamate (Surfactant 3) were investigated using a reconstructed human cultured epidermal model, LabCyte EPI-MODEL24 6D. Cell viabilities of cultured epidermal cells exposed to Surfactant 1 (5.0 % aq.), Surfactant 2, and Surfactant 3 were 82.0, 45.0 and 19.1 %, respectively. There were significant differences in cell viability upon exposure to 5.0 % aqueous test solutions of the three test chemicals. The results of the current investigation indicate that Surfactant 1 has a low skin-irritation effect.

Lower Irritation Potential of Laureth-3 Carboxylate Amino Acid Salt

Antioxidant capacity of volatile oils from japanese edible wild plant (b. rubra, e. japonicum, w. brachybitrys)using orac assay

AIM: Chrysanthemum coronarium is native to Mediterranean and Asia and used as a food and ornament. In this study were to analyse the volatile compounds using two different extraction methods in order to compare the profiles obtained and to characterise the aroma-active compounds in the three parts (young leaves, mature leaves, and stems) by AEDA and odor activity value (OAV) methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using a hydrodistillation (HD) and a solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE) method to obtain the volatile oil from the three parts. RESULTS: A total of seventy-three compounds were identified. The major compounds of three parts oils in both methods were β-myrcene and (E)-β-farnesene. Nineteen compounds were identified by GC-O analysis in two methods. CONCLUSION: Two methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, and they are generally complementary to each other. On the basis of aroma evaluation, β-myrcene and (E)-β-farnesene are estimated as the main aroma-active compounds of young leaves, mature leaves, and stems oils. As the other aroma-active compound, β-caryophyllene make a spicy odor of young and mature leaves oils. In stems oil, borneol contributes to camphor odor.

/pdf/volatile-composition-and-aroma-evaluation-of-chrysanthemum-dwygqsuq1s.pdf

Mitsuo Miyazawa

Papers

Lower Irritation Potential of Laureth-3 Carboxylate Amino Acid Salt

Antioxidant capacity of volatile oils from japanese edible wild plant (b. rubra, e. japonicum, w. brachybitrys)using orac assay

Volatile Composition and Aroma Evaluation of Chrysanthemum Coronarium