https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Plant essential oils for pest and disease management

Biological effects of resveratrol.

Resveratrol, trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, was first isolated in 1940 as a constituent of the roots of white hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum O. Loes), but has since been found in various plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. Besides cardioprotective effects, resveratrol exhibits anticancer properties, as suggested by its ability to suppress proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells, including lymphoid and myeloid cancers; multiple myeloma; cancers of the breast, prostate, stomach, colon, pancreas, and thyroid; melanoma; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; ovarian carcinoma; and cervical carcinoma. The growth-inhibitory effects of resveratrol are mediated through cell-cycle arrest; upregulation of p21Cip1/WAF1, p53 and Bax; down-regulation of survivin, cyclin D1, cyclin E, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and clAPs; and activation of caspases. Resveratrol has been shown to suppress the activation of several transcription factors, including NF-kappaB, AP-1 and Egr-1; to inhibit protein kinases including IkappaBalpha kinase, JNK, MAPK, Akt, PKC, PKD and casein kinase II; and to down-regulate products of genes such as COX-2, 5-LOX, VEGF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, AR and PSA. These activities account for the suppression of angiogenesis by this stilbene. Resveratrol also has been shown to potentiate the apoptotic effects of cytokines (e.g., TRAIL), chemotherapeutic agents and gamma-radiation. Phamacokinetic studies revealed that the target organs of resveratrol are liver and kidney, where it is concentrated after absorption and is mainly converted to a sulfated form and a glucuronide conjugate. In vivo, resveratrol blocks the multistep process of carcinogenesis at various stages: it blocks carcinogen activation by inhibiting aryl hydrocarbon-induced CYP1A1 expression and activity, and suppresses tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Besides chemopreventive effects, resveratrol appears to exhibit therapeutic effects against cancer. Limited data in humans have revealed that resveratrol is pharmacologically quite safe. Currently, structural analogues of resveratrol with improved bioavailability are being pursued as potential therapeutic agents for cancer.

/pdf/role-of-resveratrol-in-prevention-and-therapy-of-cancer-tq57uztzep.pdf

Role of Resveratrol in Prevention and Therapy of Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Insecticidal alkaloid, (−)-canadine was isolated under bioassay guide of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. from MeOH extract of tubers of Corydalis bulbosa. Insecticidal activity against larvae; (−)-canadine showed 99.7% of larvae were dead at 1.40 μ mol/ml diet concentration, and the LC50 value was 0.9 μmol/ml diet concentration. Acute toxicity against adults; (−)-canadine showed 75% of adults were dead at 5.0 μg /adult, and the LD50 value was 2.5μg/adult.

Insecticidal Alkaloid Against Drosophila Melanogaster from Tubers of Corydalis Bulbosa

Insecticidal lignans gomisin B and gomisin N were isolated from the n-hexane extract of fruits of Schisandra chinensis under bioassay guide of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. Gomisin B and N showed the lethal dose for 50% mortality(LC50) at concentration of 0.031μmol/ml and 0.125μmol/ml, respectrively.

Insecticidal Lignans Against Drosophila Melanogaster from Fruits of Schisandra Chinensis

The chemical composition of volatile oil from agitake (Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae) was established for the first time using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. Sixty-seven and 24 components were extracted by hydrodistillation (HD) using diethyl ether (DE) and dichloromethane (DM), respectively; these components accounted for 80.3% and 91.8% of the total oil, respectively. Thirteen and 48 components of were extracted by the solvent-assisted flavor evaporation method (SAFE), using DE and DM, respectively, and identified; these components accounted for 83.5% and 82.0% of the total oil, respectively. Methylsuccinimide and 2,3,7-trimethyl-2-octene were the most characteristic components by SAFE using DM.Odor evaluation of the volatile oil from agitake was also carried out using GC-olfactometry (GC-O), aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA), and the odor activity value (OAV). Sixteen, 8, 5 and 9 aroma-active components were identified using HD (DE and DM) and SAFE (DE and DM), respectively. The main aroma-active components extracted using HD and SAFE were 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom-like) and phenylacetaldehyde (floral), respectively. This study proved that HD and SAFE can be used as complementary extraction techniques for the complete characterization of volatile oil from agitake.

/pdf/comparison-of-agitake-pleurotus-eryngii-var-ferulae-volatile-75n0bap9l3.pdf

Comparison of agitake (Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae) volatile components with characteristic odors extracted by hydrodistillation and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation.

Biotransformation of (+)-Δ3-carene (1) and (+)-(1S,3S,4R,6R)-3,4-epoxycarane (1-1) by larvae of Spodoptera litura was investigated. Compound 1 was transformed to (+)-(1S,3S,4R,6R,7S)-3,4-epoxycaran-9-ol (1-2) by S. litura. This structure was established by infrared, electron impact−mass spectrometry, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectral studies, and (+)-(1S,3S,4R,6R)-3,4-epoxycarane (1-1) was transformed for confirmation of a metabolic pathway. The results indicate that the metabolic reaction of compound 1 by the larvae of S. litura was regioselective hydroxylation at the methyl group of the geminal dimethyl (C-9 position) followed by stereoselective epoxidation at the carbon−carbon double bands (C-3 position). (+)-(1S,3S,4R,6R,7S)-3,4-Epoxycaran-9-ol (1-2) was a new compound.

Regio- and stereoselective oxidation of (+)-δ3-carene by the larvae of common cutworm (Spodoptera litura).

To clarify the structures of biotransformation products and the metabolic pathways, the microbial transformation of (±)-lavandulol has been investigated using the plant pathogenic fungus Glomerella cingulata. (±)-Lavandulol [(±)-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexen-1-ol] was mainly oxidized at the C-4 double bond to give (−)-(2S,4S)-1,5-epoxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexanol and cis- and trans-1,4-epoxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-5-hexanol. 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexene-1,6-diol (6-hydroxylavandulol) was also produced through this biotransformation. These structures were confirmed by the mass, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral data. Keywords: Biotransformation; microbial transformation; Glomerella cingulata; plant pathogenic fungus; (±)-lavandulol; tetrahydropyran; tetrahydrofuran

Mitsuo Miyazawa

Papers

Insecticidal Alkaloid Against Drosophila Melanogaster from Tubers of Corydalis Bulbosa

Insecticidal Lignans Against Drosophila Melanogaster from Fruits of Schisandra Chinensis

Comparison of agitake (Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae) volatile components with characteristic odors extracted by hydrodistillation and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation.

Regio- and stereoselective oxidation of (+)-δ3-carene by the larvae of common cutworm (Spodoptera litura).

Biotransformation of (±)-Lavandulol by the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Glomerella cingulata