https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Plant essential oils for pest and disease management

Biological effects of resveratrol.

Resveratrol, trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, was first isolated in 1940 as a constituent of the roots of white hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum O. Loes), but has since been found in various plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. Besides cardioprotective effects, resveratrol exhibits anticancer properties, as suggested by its ability to suppress proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells, including lymphoid and myeloid cancers; multiple myeloma; cancers of the breast, prostate, stomach, colon, pancreas, and thyroid; melanoma; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; ovarian carcinoma; and cervical carcinoma. The growth-inhibitory effects of resveratrol are mediated through cell-cycle arrest; upregulation of p21Cip1/WAF1, p53 and Bax; down-regulation of survivin, cyclin D1, cyclin E, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and clAPs; and activation of caspases. Resveratrol has been shown to suppress the activation of several transcription factors, including NF-kappaB, AP-1 and Egr-1; to inhibit protein kinases including IkappaBalpha kinase, JNK, MAPK, Akt, PKC, PKD and casein kinase II; and to down-regulate products of genes such as COX-2, 5-LOX, VEGF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, AR and PSA. These activities account for the suppression of angiogenesis by this stilbene. Resveratrol also has been shown to potentiate the apoptotic effects of cytokines (e.g., TRAIL), chemotherapeutic agents and gamma-radiation. Phamacokinetic studies revealed that the target organs of resveratrol are liver and kidney, where it is concentrated after absorption and is mainly converted to a sulfated form and a glucuronide conjugate. In vivo, resveratrol blocks the multistep process of carcinogenesis at various stages: it blocks carcinogen activation by inhibiting aryl hydrocarbon-induced CYP1A1 expression and activity, and suppresses tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Besides chemopreventive effects, resveratrol appears to exhibit therapeutic effects against cancer. Limited data in humans have revealed that resveratrol is pharmacologically quite safe. Currently, structural analogues of resveratrol with improved bioavailability are being pursued as potential therapeutic agents for cancer.

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Role of Resveratrol in Prevention and Therapy of Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Biotransformation of (+)-Pulegone to Piperitenone by Botrytis allii.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a pest-controlling agent containing an extract of Gokahi (bark of Periplosa sepium) which is one of Japanese and Chinese crude medicines, or a pest-controlling agent containing a periploside A derivative and/or a 4-methoxy-salicylaldehyde derivative as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: This pest-controlling agent contains the extract of the Gokahi as an active ingredient. The extract in the pest-controlling agent is obtained by the extraction with at least one kind of extractant, selected from the group consisting of alcohols, glycols and esters. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Pest-controlling agent

Suppressive components in rice husk against mutagens-induced SOS response using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 umu test.

In this study, a simple, rapid, and solvent-free method for quantitative determination of (+)-Δ(3)-carene metabolites released from larvae of Spodoptera litura was developed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Further, we calibrated and validated the HS-SPME method for the quantitation of the loss of substrates owing to their biotransformation by the larvae. (+)-Δ(3)-Carene metabolites were extracted at 25°C for 30 min using an SPME fiber over a period of 24 h; the SPME fiber used was made of divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane. This technique was used to analyze the time course of the larval headspace, and the results of this analysis were used to propose a metabolic pathway. An external calibration curve was used for the quantification of (+)-Δ(3)-carene metabolites from the larval headspace. The total release volume of the larvae was calculated at 24 % of the dosage. Moreover, the biotransformation by S. litura began 2 h after it was injected with (+)-Δ(3)-carene. The method was validated by calculating the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, and linearity. The LOD and LOQ corresponded to signal/noise ratios of 3 and 10, respectively. The LODs ranged from 0.002 to 0.003 nmol/mL, and the LOQs ranged from 0.007 to 0.009 nmol/mL. This method was sensitive enough to quantitate the (+)-Δ(3)-carene metabolites released from the Spodoptera larvae. The developed SPME method can have wide applications in various in vivo larval metabolite studies.

Quantitative evaluation of (+)-Δ(3)-carene metabolites from living larvae of Spodoptera litura by headspace solid-phase microextraction.

Biotransformation of the 5,7,4′-trimethoxyisoflavone (1), 6,7,4′-trimethoxyisoflavone (2), and 7,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone (3) by insects, Spodoptera litura was investigated. Compound 1 was transformed to 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone (4), 7-hydroxy-5,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone (5) and 4′-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyisoflavone (6) by S. litura. Compounds 2 and 3 were hardly metabolized by S. litura. This suggested that compound 1 was converted to compounds 4, 5 and 6 by demethylation at the C-5, C-7 and C-4′ position, respectively.

Mitsuo Miyazawa

Papers

Biotransformation of (+)-Pulegone to Piperitenone by Botrytis allii.

Pest-controlling agent

Suppressive components in rice husk against mutagens-induced SOS response using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 umu test.

Quantitative evaluation of (+)-Δ(3)-carene metabolites from living larvae of Spodoptera litura by headspace solid-phase microextraction.

Biotransformation of isoflavones by the larvae of the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura).