https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Plant essential oils for pest and disease management

Biological effects of resveratrol.

Resveratrol, trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, was first isolated in 1940 as a constituent of the roots of white hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum O. Loes), but has since been found in various plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. Besides cardioprotective effects, resveratrol exhibits anticancer properties, as suggested by its ability to suppress proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells, including lymphoid and myeloid cancers; multiple myeloma; cancers of the breast, prostate, stomach, colon, pancreas, and thyroid; melanoma; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; ovarian carcinoma; and cervical carcinoma. The growth-inhibitory effects of resveratrol are mediated through cell-cycle arrest; upregulation of p21Cip1/WAF1, p53 and Bax; down-regulation of survivin, cyclin D1, cyclin E, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and clAPs; and activation of caspases. Resveratrol has been shown to suppress the activation of several transcription factors, including NF-kappaB, AP-1 and Egr-1; to inhibit protein kinases including IkappaBalpha kinase, JNK, MAPK, Akt, PKC, PKD and casein kinase II; and to down-regulate products of genes such as COX-2, 5-LOX, VEGF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, AR and PSA. These activities account for the suppression of angiogenesis by this stilbene. Resveratrol also has been shown to potentiate the apoptotic effects of cytokines (e.g., TRAIL), chemotherapeutic agents and gamma-radiation. Phamacokinetic studies revealed that the target organs of resveratrol are liver and kidney, where it is concentrated after absorption and is mainly converted to a sulfated form and a glucuronide conjugate. In vivo, resveratrol blocks the multistep process of carcinogenesis at various stages: it blocks carcinogen activation by inhibiting aryl hydrocarbon-induced CYP1A1 expression and activity, and suppresses tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Besides chemopreventive effects, resveratrol appears to exhibit therapeutic effects against cancer. Limited data in humans have revealed that resveratrol is pharmacologically quite safe. Currently, structural analogues of resveratrol with improved bioavailability are being pursued as potential therapeutic agents for cancer.

/pdf/role-of-resveratrol-in-prevention-and-therapy-of-cancer-tq57uztzep.pdf

Role of Resveratrol in Prevention and Therapy of Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

The authors elucidated the constituents of the essential oil and the steam nonvolatile oil (fixed oil) from Elettaria cardamomum Maton.The nonvolatile oil was treated with 2N-sodium carbonate solution, and was separated into the two parts; sodium carbonate soluble part and insoluble part.Each part was investigated by means of column chromatography, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, mass spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and chemical method.As a result, following fifty kinds of compound were detected as constituents of the essential oil and nonvolatile oil; α-pinene, camphene, sabinene, myrcene, 1, 4-cineole, limonene, 1, 8-cineole, p-cymene, methyl heptenone, linalool, linalyl acetate, cis-p-2-menthen-1-ol, terpinen-4-ol, trans-p-2-menthen-1-ol, β-terpineol, α-terpineol, α-terpinyl acetate, borneol, neryl acetate, geranyl acetate, nerol, geraniol, nerolidol, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, n-C17H36, n-C18H38, n-C19H40, iso-C20H42, n-C20H42, n-C21H44, n-C22H46, n-C23H48, n-C24H50, n-C25H52, n-C26H54, n-C27H56, n-28H58, n-29H60, n-C30H62, n-C31H64, n-C32H66.

The Constitution of the Essential Oil and Nonvolatile Oil from Cardamom Seed

The volatile oils from the Japanese wild edible plants of Diplazium squamigerum, Laportea macrostachya, and Vitis coignetiae were investigated by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of D. squamigerum oil were linalool (28.7%), palmitic acid (13.9%), and α-terpineol (5.5%); of L. macrostachya oil were palmitic acid (14.1%), nonanal (9.2%), and linoleic acid (8.9%); and of V. coignetiae oil were nonanal (13.2%), geraniol (11.6%), and phenylacetaldehyde (8.5%). These oils were assayed to determine their antioxidant activity by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay using fluorescein as the fluorescent probe. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity values varied from 1255 ± 393 trolox equivalents (μmol TE/g) for D. squamigerum oil, from 514 ± 65 μmol TE/g for L. macrostachya oil, and from 911 ± 118 μmol TE/g for V. coignetiae oil. The difference in the antioxidant activities among D. squamigerum oil, L. macrostachya oil, and V. coignetiae oil were a...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10942910903580942

Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity of Volatile Oils from Japanese Edible Wild Plants (Diplazium Squamigerum, Laportea Macrostachya, and Vitis Coignetiae)

Biohydroxylation of 1,4-Cineole to 9-Hydroxy-1,4-cineole by Aspergillus niger.

Biotransformation of (2Z,6Z)-farnesol by the plant pathogenic fungus Glomerella cingulata

The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of serotonin derivatives were evaluated Two serotonin derivatives, N-p-coumaroyl serotonin (2) and N-caffeoyl serotonin (4) exhibited most potent inhibition on α-glucosidase, whereas, cinnamic acid derivatives were less efficient Furthermore, we analyzed their structural importance for α-glucosidase inhibition The linkage of cinnamic acid moiety and serotonin moiety and the olefin in cinnamic acid moiety of serotonin derivatives were crucial for α-glucosidase inhibition This is the first report on structure–activity relationships (SAR) for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of serotonin derivatives

Mitsuo Miyazawa

Papers

The Constitution of the Essential Oil and Nonvolatile Oil from Cardamom Seed

Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity of Volatile Oils from Japanese Edible Wild Plants (Diplazium Squamigerum, Laportea Macrostachya, and Vitis Coignetiae)

Biohydroxylation of 1,4-Cineole to 9-Hydroxy-1,4-cineole by Aspergillus niger.

Biotransformation of (2Z,6Z)-farnesol by the plant pathogenic fungus Glomerella cingulata

Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of serotonin derivatives effect on α-glucosidase inhibition