https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Plant essential oils for pest and disease management

Biological effects of resveratrol.

Resveratrol, trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, was first isolated in 1940 as a constituent of the roots of white hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum O. Loes), but has since been found in various plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. Besides cardioprotective effects, resveratrol exhibits anticancer properties, as suggested by its ability to suppress proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells, including lymphoid and myeloid cancers; multiple myeloma; cancers of the breast, prostate, stomach, colon, pancreas, and thyroid; melanoma; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; ovarian carcinoma; and cervical carcinoma. The growth-inhibitory effects of resveratrol are mediated through cell-cycle arrest; upregulation of p21Cip1/WAF1, p53 and Bax; down-regulation of survivin, cyclin D1, cyclin E, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and clAPs; and activation of caspases. Resveratrol has been shown to suppress the activation of several transcription factors, including NF-kappaB, AP-1 and Egr-1; to inhibit protein kinases including IkappaBalpha kinase, JNK, MAPK, Akt, PKC, PKD and casein kinase II; and to down-regulate products of genes such as COX-2, 5-LOX, VEGF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, AR and PSA. These activities account for the suppression of angiogenesis by this stilbene. Resveratrol also has been shown to potentiate the apoptotic effects of cytokines (e.g., TRAIL), chemotherapeutic agents and gamma-radiation. Phamacokinetic studies revealed that the target organs of resveratrol are liver and kidney, where it is concentrated after absorption and is mainly converted to a sulfated form and a glucuronide conjugate. In vivo, resveratrol blocks the multistep process of carcinogenesis at various stages: it blocks carcinogen activation by inhibiting aryl hydrocarbon-induced CYP1A1 expression and activity, and suppresses tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Besides chemopreventive effects, resveratrol appears to exhibit therapeutic effects against cancer. Limited data in humans have revealed that resveratrol is pharmacologically quite safe. Currently, structural analogues of resveratrol with improved bioavailability are being pursued as potential therapeutic agents for cancer.

/pdf/role-of-resveratrol-in-prevention-and-therapy-of-cancer-tq57uztzep.pdf

Role of Resveratrol in Prevention and Therapy of Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Biotransformation of sinesetin (1) by larvae of Spodoptera litura was investigated. Compound 1 was converted to a new flavonoid, (+)-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone-6-O-beta-D-glucoside (4), and two known flavones, 4'-hydroxy-5,6,7,3'-tetramethoxyflavone (2) and 6-hydroxy-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (3). These structures were established by IR, HR-EI-MS, HR-FAB-MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR spectral studies. The results indicate that the metabolic reaction of compound 1 by larvae of S. litura proceeded along two pathways; the main pathway is demethylation at the C-6 position followed by glucosylation, and the minor pathway is demethylation at the C-4' position.

/pdf/biotransformation-of-sinesetin-by-the-larvae-of-the-common-1zfg1zipbh.pdf

Biotransformation of Sinesetin by the Larvae of the Common Cutworm (Spodoptera litura)

The composition of the volatile oil from the rhizomes of Dioscorea japonica has been investigated by capillary GC, GC-MS. The oil contained 74 volatile components of which 1.29% were terpenoids and 0.89% were aldehydes. The main constituents were fatty acids, which were palmitic acid (41.00%), linoleic acid (28.76%), pentadecanoic acid (4.90%), oleic acid (3.03%), and (3.02%).

Volatile Components of the Rhizomes of Dioscorea japonica

Suppressive effect of the SOS-inducing activity of chemical mutagen by citric acid esters from Prunus mume Sieb. Et Zucc. using the Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 umu test.

Oviposition-stimulatory activity against Ostrinia zealis by essential oil of root part from Cirsium japonicum DC.

Biotransformation of sinesetin by Aspergillus niger afforded 4′-hydroxy-5,6,7,3′-tetramethoxyflavone on the basis of its spectroscopic data including IR, heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity (HMBC) analysis. Sinesetin and the metabolite showed antimutagenic activity against chemical mutagens 4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amine (MeIQ) and 3-amino-14-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) in the umu test using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry

Mitsuo Miyazawa

Papers

Biotransformation of Sinesetin by the Larvae of the Common Cutworm (Spodoptera litura)

Volatile Components of the Rhizomes of Dioscorea japonica

Suppressive effect of the SOS-inducing activity of chemical mutagen by citric acid esters from Prunus mume Sieb. Et Zucc. using the Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 umu test.

Oviposition-stimulatory activity against Ostrinia zealis by essential oil of root part from Cirsium japonicum DC.

Microbial O‐demethylation of sinesetin and antimutagenic activity of the metabolite