Showing papers by "Oliver P. John published in 2020"

Validation of the Short and Extra-Short Forms of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) and Their German Adaptations

Abstract: . The present study investigates the validity and utility of the German adaptations of the two short forms of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2), the 30-item BFI-2-S, and the 15-item BFI-2-XS...

A stable relationship between personality and academic performance from childhood through adolescence. An original study and replication in hundred-thousand-person samples

Abstract: Objective Many studies have demonstrated that personality traits predict academic performance for students in high school and college. Much less evidence exists on whether the relationship between personality traits and academic performance changes from childhood to adolescence, and existing studies show very mixed findings. This study tests one hypothesis-that the importance of Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness for academic performance changes fundamentally during school-against an alternative hypothesis suggesting that the changing relationships found in previous research are largely measurement artifacts. Method We used a nationwide sample of 135,389 primary and lower secondary students from Grade 4 to Grade 8. We replicated all results in a separate sample of another 127,375 students. Results We found that academic performance was equally strongly related to our measure of Conscientiousness at all these grade levels, and the significance of Agreeableness and Emotional Stability predominantly reflected their connections with Conscientiousness. However, age also appeared to shape the relationship between Emotional Stability and performance. Conclusion Amidst the replication crisis in psychology these findings demonstrate a very stable and predictable relationship between personality traits and academic performance, which may have important implications for the education of children already in primary school.

Slovak adaptation of the big five inventory (bfi-2): psychometric properties and initial validation

Abstract: The article describes the process of adaptation of the Big Five Inventory – 2 into the Slovak language and cultural context. The translation process of the Slovak BFI-2 was based on three data samples using item analysis and basic psychometric properties. The present study estimates the psychometric properties of the Slovak BFI-2 and its hierarchical structure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample of 526 participants recruited through an online research panel. It also provides data on convergent-discriminant validity in relation to alternative Big Five measures (NEO-FFI, TIPI) and to standard well-being measures. The results showed good internal consistency on the domain level, and somewhat lower on the facet level. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses successfully recovered the conceptual structure of the Slovak BFI-2. The BFI-2 domains and facets showed adequate convergent-discriminant validity, based on the meaningful pattern of correlations with the other Big Five measures and well-being scales. These findings suggest that the Slovak version of the BFI-2 is a reliable and valid measure of the Big Five personality traits, and is appropriate for use in Slovak and cross-cultural research.

The Big Five Inventory–2: Replication of Psychometric Properties in a Dutch Adaptation and First Evidence for the Discriminant Predictive Validity of the Facet Scales

Abstract: This series of studies investigated whether the good psychometric properties of the English version of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) could be replicated using its Dutch adaptation. Second, it aimed to further examine the predictive validity of both the Big Five domain and the more specific facet scales of the BFI-2 in a large and representative sample. Results indicated that the structure found in the English version was replicated in the Dutch adaptation. The 60-item BFI-2 was reliable at the level of both domains and facets, as were the abbreviated versions. In terms of validity, the domain scales predicted a broad range of criteria. Examination of preregistered hypotheses regarding the discriminant validity of the facets indicated that experts were able to predict which facets would be most strongly associated with specific criteria. Overall, results confirm the strong psychometric properties of the BFI-2 Big Five domain scales and indicate that theoretically identified facets can be more valid predictors of criteria than other facets of the same domain.

Measurement Invariance and Sex and Age Differences of the Big Five Inventory–2: Evidence From the Russian Version:

Abstract: The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) is a recently published 60-item questionnaire that measures personality traits within the five-factor model framework. An important aspect of the BFI-2 is that it measures the traits at both the domain and facet levels and also controls acquiescence bias via the balanced number of true- and false-keyed items across the domains and facets. The current research evaluates factorial measurement invariance of a Russian version of the BFI-2 across sex and age within samples of 1,024 university students (Study 1) and 1,029 Internet users (Study 2). Across these samples, men scored lower on the domains of negative emotionality and agreeableness and slightly higher on extraversion. Sex differences were also obtained on various facets. In the Internet sample, age correlated modestly with several Big Five domains in accordance with the well-documented maturity principle. The newly developed Russian version of BFI-2 showed good reliability and validity across both samples. Moreover, random intercept exploratory factor analyses showed that the BFI-2 displayed a hierarchical five-domain-15-facet structure that demonstrated strict measurement invariance across sex and age.

People with disagreeable personalities (selfish, combative, and manipulative) do not have an advantage in pursuing power at work.

Abstract: Does being disagreeable—that is, behaving in aggressive, selfish, and manipulative ways—help people attain power? This question has long captivated philosophers, scholars, and laypeople alike, and yet prior empirical findings have been inconclusive. In the current research, we conducted two preregistered prospective longitudinal studies in which we measured participants’ disagreeableness prior to entering the labor market and then assessed the power they attained in the context of their work organization ∼14 y later when their professional careers had unfolded. Both studies found disagreeable individuals did not attain higher power as opposed to extraverted individuals who did gain higher power in their organizations. Furthermore, the null relationship between disagreeableness and power was not moderated by individual differences, such as gender or ethnicity, or by contextual variables, such as organizational culture. What can account for this null relationship? A close examination of behavior patterns in the workplace found that disagreeable individuals engaged in two distinct patterns of behavior that offset each other’s effects on power attainment: They engaged in more dominant-aggressive behavior, which positively predicted attaining higher power, but also engaged in less communal and generous behavior, which predicted attaining less power. These two effects, when combined, appeared to cancel each other out and led to a null correlation between disagreeableness and power.

Validation française du Big Five Inventory à 10 items (BFI-10)

Abstract: L’objectif de cette etude est de valider une adaptation francaise de la forme tres courte du Big Five Inventory (BFI) qui comporte 10 items (BFI-10). Notre but etait d’examiner en profondeur, en plus de la structure factorielle et de la fiabilite, la validite de cet instrument, afin de determiner s’il mesure de maniere adequate les domaines de la personnalite ou seulement certains de leurs aspects. Nous avons recrute 4 echantillons differents (respectivement n = 2499, 13 306, 143 et 360 participants) pour etudier la structure factorielle, la fidelite test-retest et la validite externe du BFI-10. Les instruments utilises etaient le BFI (echantillons 1, 3 et 4), le BFI-10 (echantillon 2) et le NEO PI-R (echantillon 4). Nous avons etudie la structure factorielle du BFI-10, la fidelite test-retest et la validite externe avec les echelles du NEO PI-R. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont confirme la pertinence de la structure en cinq facteurs, avec des indices d’ajustement satisfaisants, ainsi que l’invariance selon le sexe des coefficients de saturation et des intercepts, ce qui rend valide la comparaison des scores des femmes et des hommes. La comparaison avec le NEO PI-R montre que les echelles du BFI-10 fournissent une estimation suffisamment large des domaines. Les femmes ont des scores de Nevrosisme plus eleves que les hommes (d = 0,55), alors que les differences aux autres echelles sont negligeables. Le BFI-10 presente des qualites psychometriques interessantes qui permettent une evaluation raisonnablement fiable et valide de la personnalite dans des circonstances ou l’emploi d’instruments plus longs n’est pas envisageable.

Understanding short-term variability in life satisfaction: The Individual Differences in Evaluating Life Satisfaction (IDELS) model.

Abstract: Daily life is full of emotional ups and downs. In contrast, the objective conditions of our lives usually remain relatively stable from day to day. The degree to which emotional ups and downs influence life satisfaction-which prima facie should be relatively stable-remains a puzzle. In the present article, we propose the Individual Differences in Evaluating Life Satisfaction (IDELS) model to address this puzzle. The IDELS model posits that people differ in the processes by which they evaluate their life satisfaction: Some people's life satisfaction is more strongly associated with their current emotions (i.e., "emotion globalizing") whereas other people maintain a filter between their life satisfaction and current emotions. These individual differences should have important implications for the degree of short-term variability in life satisfaction and, in turn, for psychological health. In 3 diverse samples of women (total N = 536), we assessed life satisfaction and emotions daily or multiple times per day for 2 weeks. We tested 4 hypotheses derived from the IDELS model. First, participants differed substantially in the degree of short-term variability in life satisfaction, and these individual differences were moderately stable. Second, participants differed substantially in emotion globalizing, and these individual differences were moderately stable. Third, higher emotion globalizing predicted greater short-term variability in life satisfaction. Fourth, greater short-term variability in life satisfaction was associated with a maladaptive profile of greater neuroticism and worse psychological health. We discuss implications for life satisfaction theory and measurement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

True or False? Keying Direction and Acquiescence Influence the Validity of Socio-Emotional Skills Items in Predicting High School Achievement

Abstract: What type of items, keyed positively or negatively, makes social-emotional skill or personality scales more valid? The present study examines the different criterion validities of true- and false-k...

Incremental theories of emotion across time: Temporal dynamics and correlates of change.

Abstract: Accumulating research points to the importance of incremental theories of emotion. Yet, little is known about whether these beliefs change in adulthood across long time spans, and if so, whether such changes are prospectively linked to emotion regulation outcomes. In the present investigation, we tested how incremental theories of emotion change during college, and whether such changes are linked to emotion regulation practices. We followed 394 undergraduates as they entered and ultimately graduated from college. Focusing on the temporal dynamics of incremental theories of emotion, we found that they were somewhat stable, and their mean-level increased over time. Focusing on the correlates of such changes, we found that students who during college came to believe that emotions (but not intelligence) are more controllable, ended up using more cognitive reappraisal (but not expressive suppression) at the end of college. Similarly, students who during college came to use cognitive reappraisal (but not expressive suppression) more frequently, ended up believing that emotion (but not intelligence) is more controllable at the end of college. This pattern could not be explained by differences in initial levels or by differences in underlying affective experiences. We discuss potential implications of these findings for understanding the interplay between beliefs and emotion regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).