Theacute effects ofcontraction andinsulin ontheglucose transport andGLUT4glucose transporter translocation wereinvestigated inratsoleus muscles byusing a3-O-methylglucose transport assay andthesensitive exofa- ciallabeling technique withtheimpermeant photoaffinity reagent 2-N-4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethy l)benzoyl-1,3-bis(D- mannose-4-yloxy)-2-propylamine (ATB-BMPA), respectively. Addition ofwortmannin, whichinhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, reduced insulin-stimulated

Contraction stimulates translocation ofglucose transporter GLUT4inskeletal musclethrough a mechanismdistinct fromthatofinsulin

Oral delivery of proteins and peptides: Challenges, status quo and future perspectives.

Engineering a Nanoscale Al-MOF-Armored Antigen Carried by a “Trojan Horse”-Like Platform for Oral Vaccination to Induce Potent and Long-Lasting Immunity

An update on oral drug delivery via intestinal lymphatic transport.

Diabetes and its complications have become a global challenge of public health. Herein, we aimed to develop a long-acting delivery system of lixisenatide (Lixi), a glucose-dependent antidiabetic peptide, based on an injectable hydrogel for the synchronous treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications. Two triblock copolymers, poly(e-caprolactone-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(e-caprolactone-co-glycolic acid) and poly(d,l-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) possessing temperature-induced sol-gel transitions, were synthesized by us. Compared to the two single-component hydrogels, their 1/1 mixture hydrogel not only maintained the temperature-induced gelation but also exhibited a steadier degradation profile in vivo. Both in vitro and in vivo release studies demonstrated that the mixture hydrogel provided the sustained release of Lixi for up to 9 days, which was attributed to balanced electrostatic interactions between the positive charges in the peptide and the negative charges in the polymer carrier. The hypoglycemic efficacy of Lixi delivered from the mixture hydrogel after a single subcutaneous injection into diabetic db/db mice was comparable to that of twice-daily administrations of Lixi solution for up to 9 days. Furthermore, three successive administrations of the abovementioned gel system within a month significantly increased the plasma insulin level, lowered glycosylated hemoglobin, and improved the pancreatic function of the animals. These results were superior or equivalent to those of twice-daily injections of Lixi solution for 30 days, but the number of injections was markedly reduced from 60 to 3. Finally, an improvement in hyperlipidemia, augmentation of nerve fiber density, and enhancement of motor nerve conduction velocity in the gel formulation-treated db/db mice indicated that the sustained delivery of Lixi arrested and even ameliorated diabetic complications. These findings suggested that the Lixi-loaded mixture hydrogel has great potential for the treatment of T2DM with significant improvements in the health and quality of life of patients.

Sustained Release Strategy Designed for Lixisenatide Delivery to Synchronously Treat Diabetes and Associated Complications

Phase-Changeable Nanoemulsions for Oral Delivery of a Therapeutic Peptide: Toward Targeting the Pancreas for Antidiabetic Treatments Using Lymphatic Transport

A new saw-like self-recovery Self-Aligned Nitride (SAN) memory cell is proposed and fabricated in 28nm high-k metal gate (HKMG) CMOS process for high-density logic NVM applications. The cell is operated with Source-Side Injection (SSI) for programming and band-to-band hot holes (BBHH) for erasing. Two effective self-heating recovery mechanisms are proposed and performed to maintain a stable On/Off read window after cycling stresses. Besides, the characteristic and reliability comparison of the SAN cell in other technology nodes, 90nm/45nm/32nm, are characterized to further verify the saw-like self-detrapping and self-recovery operation. The new 28nm HKMG SAN memory cell with the self-detrapping recovery results excellent and superior endurance performance and can provide a very promising solution for logic NVM in advanced technologies.

A new saw-like self-recovery of interface states in nitride-based memory cell

A thorough analysis of the FinFET resistance and current distribution is presented. By combining multiple conventional and novel measurement techniques, the key components that contribute to the parasitic resistance of FinFETs can be quantified. Through a three-dimensional (3D) FinFET resistance network model, the impact of the FinFET 3D structure on the current distribution and parasitic resistance is analyzed. The heterogeneous current distribution, known as the current crowding effect, is also discussed with possible alleviation methods through 3D simulation.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.7567/JJAP.55.04ED16/pdf

Effect of three-dimensional current distribution on characterizing parasitic resistance of FinFETs

This paper reports a new static RAM (SRAM) cell featuring its self-matching characteristic for enhanced static noise margin (SNM) in low-voltage applications. This new SRAM employs trimming devices replacing pull-down transistors to compensate mismatches. Through a blanket trimming operation enabling self-matching of the two branches, effective suppression of variability with improved SNM distribution has been successfully demonstrated in nanoscaled SRAMs.

Self-Matching SRAM With Embedded OTP Cells in Nanoscale Logic CMOS Technologies

A new on-chip recovery operation is proposed in the self-aligned nitride (SAN) cell. Merged nitride spacer is sandwiched between high-k metal gate stacks in nano-meter CMOS process. The scaled gate length enables the SAN cell be erased by band-to-band hot hole. For multiple-time-programming operation, two effective recovery methods are proposed to recover on/off window after cycling stress. Both ac and dc methods are applied to eliminate deep-trapped charges via electrical self-heating. Experimental data demonstrates dc recovery methods that provide nearly full damage anneal capability and, in turn, effectively extend SAN cell’s endurance level.

Po-Yen Lin

Papers

Phase-Changeable Nanoemulsions for Oral Delivery of a Therapeutic Peptide: Toward Targeting the Pancreas for Antidiabetic Treatments Using Lymphatic Transport

A new saw-like self-recovery of interface states in nitride-based memory cell

Effect of three-dimensional current distribution on characterizing parasitic resistance of FinFETs

Self-Matching SRAM With Embedded OTP Cells in Nanoscale Logic CMOS Technologies

On-Chip Recovery Operation for Self-Aligned Nitride Logic Non-Volatile Memory Cells in High-K Metal Gate CMOS Technology