The power of feedback.

Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

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Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular riskThe Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a pathological process characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the epicardial arteries, whether obstructive or non-obstructive. This process can be modified by lifestyle adjustments, pharmacological therapies, and invasive interventions designed to achieve disease stabilization or regression. The disease can have long, stable periods but can also become unstable at any time, typically due to an acute atherothrombotic event caused by plaque rupture or erosion. However, the disease is chronic, most often progressive, and hence serious, even in clinically apparently silent periods. The dynamic nature of the CAD process results in various clinical presentations, which can be conveniently categorized as either acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). The Guidelines presented here refer to the management of patients with CCS. The natural history of CCS is illustrated in Figure 1.

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2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes.

The talk with present the key results of the IPCC Working Group III 5th assessment report. Concluding four years of intense scientific collaboration by hundreds of authors from around the world, the report responds to the request of the world's governments for a comprehensive, objective and policy neutral assessment of the current scientific knowledge on mitigating climate change. The report has been extensively reviewed by experts and governments to ensure quality and comprehensiveness.

Climate change 2014 - Mitigation of climate change

Background: This observational study was to determine the offending microorganisms and clinical profile of infective endocarditis in rheumatic heart disease patients in local population of Jharkhand, the response of disease to medical treatment and to evaluate the prognosis of the cases. Methods: 25 cases of Rheumatic heart disease, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis were studied prospectively with baseline investigations, blood culture and echocardiography and were treated with appropriate antibiotics. Results:  In this study, the mean age observed was 26 year and male patient to female patient ratio was 3.16:1. Aortic valve was the commonest valve to be involved. Cardiac murmurs were present in all patients, splenomegaly was present in 56% of patients but peripheral signs of infective endocarditis were rare. Blood culture was positive in 28% of cases and staphylococcus aureus was the main organism isolated. 23 cases out of 25 cases studied showed vegetations on echocardiography mostly on aortic or mitral valve. In majority of patients (80%) injection Penicillin G and Gentamicin were started in standard recommended dose first on empirical basis but later on suitable antibiotics were started according to sensitivity pattern. Mortality was significantly high (20%). Conclusions:  Fever and constitutional symptoms were the most common presentation. Mild to moderate anemia, leucocytosis, high ESR were very common but, peripheral signs were rarely observed in our study. Staphylococcus was the predominant etiological agent and treatment of endocarditis was more successful when suitable antibiotics were started after culture and sensitivity.

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A study of clinical and etiological profile of infective endocarditis and its correlation with echocardiography in patients of rheumatic heart disease

This work presents selected results of an EPSRC-funded project investigating the dispersion of nanoparticles in the wake of moving vehicles. The aims were to study the changes in particle number distribution (PND) due to the competing effects of dilution and transformation processes (e.g. coagulation, nucleation, condensation) over the travel time from tailpipe to roadside, and to model the fate of these particles in the near and the far wake regions of a moving vehicle. To achieve these objectives, firstly ground-fixed and on-board measurements of PNDs were performed using a fast response (sampling frequency up to 10Hz) differential mobility spectrometer (Cambustion DMS50) in the wake of a diesel engined car moving at a range of speeds from 20 to 50 km h -1 . Secondly, wind tunnel simulations were carried out on reduced scale (1:5 and 1:20) models of the car used for the field experiments. The flow and turbulence fields were characterised both in the near and far wake of the modelled vehicle by using a two component laser Doppler anemometer. Concentration measurements were obtained by using a fast response (frequency >350 Hz) flame ionisation detector and a hydrocarbon tracer gas released from the modelled tailpipe. A high resolution experimental data base was obtained from both the field and wind tunnel measurements for formulating the basis of fast mathematical parameterisations that can be used with operational nanoparticle dispersion models.

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Understanding dispersion of nanoparticles in vehicle wakes combining field measurements and wind tunnel simulations

We analyse the behaviour of the exponential sampling series $S_{w}^{\chi}f$ at jump discontinuity of the bounded signal $f$ We obtain a representation lemma that is used for analysing the series $S_{w}^{\chi}f$ and we establish approximation of jump discontinuity functions by the series $S_{w}^{\chi}f$ The rate of approximation of the exponential sampling series $S_{w}^{\chi}f$ is obtained in terms of logarithmic modulus of continuity of functions and the round-off and time-jitter errors are also studied Finally we give some graphical representation of approximation of discontinuous functions by $S_{w}^{\chi}f$ using suitable kernels

Approximation of Discontinuous Signals by Exponential Sampling Series

Association of particulate matter emissions, air quality and health risks in South Asian cities

Abstract Sand and dust storms (SDS) are a major disruptor in both the source areas where they occur and at distant locations. This critical review aims to address the question of whether mitigation and adaptation measures have been or can be implemented and what is the optimal scale of their implementation to negate the impacts of SDS in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR)? Measures which differ in approach are also assessed by recording their successes, failures, and future challenges. We conclude that developing and implementing appropriate mitigation or adaptation measures for SDS at the local level is feasible but, at a wider scale, is a new challenge. This challenge is even more complex in areas like the EMR and the SDS sources affecting it, as it is a crossroad of air masses originating from three major SDS areas, which exhibit economic, political, and social diversity. This review also aims to identify successful mitigation strategies that have been used for similar environmental issues and to draw attention to the lack of adaptation measures in the region. This critical synthesis will serve as a guide for public stakeholders considering measures to mitigate or adapt to SDS based on their effectiveness and the area of implementation. 

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The challenge of adopting mitigation and adaptation measures for the impacts of sand and dust storms in Eastern Mediterranean Region: a critical review

Prashant Kumar

Papers

A study of clinical and etiological profile of infective endocarditis and its correlation with echocardiography in patients of rheumatic heart disease

Understanding dispersion of nanoparticles in vehicle wakes combining field measurements and wind tunnel simulations

Approximation of Discontinuous Signals by Exponential Sampling Series

Association of particulate matter emissions, air quality and health risks in South Asian cities

The challenge of adopting mitigation and adaptation measures for the impacts of sand and dust storms in Eastern Mediterranean Region: a critical review