The power of feedback.

Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

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Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular riskThe Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a pathological process characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the epicardial arteries, whether obstructive or non-obstructive. This process can be modified by lifestyle adjustments, pharmacological therapies, and invasive interventions designed to achieve disease stabilization or regression. The disease can have long, stable periods but can also become unstable at any time, typically due to an acute atherothrombotic event caused by plaque rupture or erosion. However, the disease is chronic, most often progressive, and hence serious, even in clinically apparently silent periods. The dynamic nature of the CAD process results in various clinical presentations, which can be conveniently categorized as either acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). The Guidelines presented here refer to the management of patients with CCS. The natural history of CCS is illustrated in Figure 1.

/pdf/2019-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-5b7mv2v506.pdf

2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes.

The talk with present the key results of the IPCC Working Group III 5th assessment report. Concluding four years of intense scientific collaboration by hundreds of authors from around the world, the report responds to the request of the world's governments for a comprehensive, objective and policy neutral assessment of the current scientific knowledge on mitigating climate change. The report has been extensively reviewed by experts and governments to ensure quality and comprehensiveness.

Climate change 2014 - Mitigation of climate change

Fuel Economy Benefits with Low Viscosity Engine Oil Formulations on Small Trucks with Chassis Dynamometer Tests


 <p>Extreme hydro-meteorological events are often defined by the statistical analysis of some parameter that measures the strength of the event over a long enough time series. The parameter could refer to the intensity of the event in terms of energy or to the impact of the event on the environment. This attribution becomes even more relevant when used as reference for future climate projections, suggesting a possible increase in the number of extreme events considering the attribution applied to the past database.&#160;<br>In the literature concerning storm-surge, the use of significant wave height (Hs) percentiles to define thresholds of an extreme event is a common practice when dealing with sufficiently long datasets. Usually, this value ranges from 90th up to 99.5th trying to highlight about 3-6 Hs peaks per year. But, in fact, thresholds should provide a benchmark for how much a region can withstand an extreme event. The Italian coast of the northern Adriatic is recently increasing its sensitivity to such episodes, that threaten one of the most active touristic hub of Italy, the highly valuable Po Delta UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and city of Venice fragile structure. Recently in late 2019, a strong event hit Venice with high tides flooding the city's main monument, St. Mark's Basilica, for the 6th time in 1200 years, with levels very similar to the worst event in history in 1966.&#160;<br>Attempting to better understand the distribution of these extreme events throughout last decades and how reanalysis products can be useful for storm-surge studies, this paper presents a climatological comparison of significant wave height data extracted from ECMWF ERA5 against the entire historical series available to the Nausicaa wave buoy. This station, owned and managed by ARPAE, is located about 8 km offshore the Municipality of Cesenatico, where the seabed is about 10m, and since 2007 has been used to monitor and prevent sea level related events. In the last 12 years, at least 10 extreme events have been reported based on hourly measured data in Nausicaa and the damage observed along the coast, allowing the local authorities to define Hs thresholds as 1.5 m to significant events and 3.0 m for extreme events. However, analysing the measured data in this period, at least 26 events that exceeded the 3 m threshold were observed, representing the percentile 99.81th of the historical series, whereas only 10 storm-surge events resulted in damage to cities or environmental protection areas. When analysing Hs extracted from ERA5 at the nearest grid point to Nausicaa (~ 30 km) for the same 26 events, all events were correctly identified by reanalysis and represented with an averaged correlation of 0.96. For Hs series extracted from ERA5, values above 3 m reached the 99.83rd percentile for the same period from 2007 to 2018, and 99.84th when expanded to the last 30 years (since 1989), showing that, although quite restricted, the 99.8th percentile seems to be a good value for identifying extreme events of storm-surge in the northern Adriatic Sea.</p>


Extreme wave events attribution using ERA5 datasets for storm-surge studies in the northern Adriatic sea

Two-dimensional numerical computations were carried out on flow past a heated circular cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs). The cylinder was elastically mounted on springs and allowed to oscillate in streamwise and transverse directions. The C++ library in the finite-volume-based OpenFOAM software program was used for the simulations. The solver was modified to consider thermal effects, and an energy equation was added to the existing solver. The flow and thermal characteristics were examined for different values of the reduced velocity (Ur) ranging from 1 to 8. Three different mass ratio (m*) values (i.e., 2.5, 5, and 10) were considered at Reynolds number (Re) = 200. The effects of the Ur and m* values on the cylinder response and frequency ratio were disclosed. Higher oscillation amplitudes, i.e., the synchronous regime, were found to change with a change in the m* value. With a change in the Ur value, different modes of vortex shedding and their effects on the temperature field were examined, corresponding to each value of m*. The heat transfer coefficient of the cylinder undergoing VIVs was found to be higher than that observed for the stationary cylinder at the same Re value. The mean drag coefficient and root-mean-square value of the lift coefficient were also reported with a change in the Ur value for each value of m*. 

Prashant Kumar

Papers

Fuel Economy Benefits with Low Viscosity Engine Oil Formulations on Small Trucks with Chassis Dynamometer Tests

Extreme wave events attribution using ERA5 datasets for storm-surge studies in the northern Adriatic sea

Vortex-induced vibration of a heated circular cylinder at low Reynolds number: flow and thermal characteristics

A review of the physicochemical characteristics of ultrafine particle emissions from domestic solid fuel combustion during cooking and heating.

The projected changes in extreme wave height indices over the Indian Ocean using COWCLIP2.0 datasets