抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

There is intense interest in graphene in fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science, among others. Interest in graphene's exceptional physical properties, chemical tunability, and potential for applications has generated thousands of publications and an accelerating pace of research, making review of such research timely. Here is an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and related materials (primarily, graphite oxide and its colloidal suspensions and materials made from them), from a materials science perspective.

/pdf/graphene-and-graphene-oxide-synthesis-properties-and-2q80uaujok.pdf

Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

We report a method to form multifunctional polymer coatings through simple dip-coating of objects in an aqueous solution of dopamine. Inspired by the composition of adhesive proteins in mussels, we used dopamine self-polymerization to form thin, surface-adherent polydopamine films onto a wide range of inorganic and organic materials, including noble metals, oxides, polymers, semiconductors, and ceramics. Secondary reactions can be used to create a variety of ad-layers, including self-assembled monolayers through deposition of long-chain molecular building blocks, metal films by electroless metallization, and bioinert and bioactive surfaces via grafting of macromolecules.

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Mussel-Inspired Surface Chemistry for Multifunctional Coatings

/pdf/self-assembled-monolayers-of-thiolates-on-metals-as-a-form-1neb0hj3k4.pdf

Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology.

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

1. Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, NY 11973 2. Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10016 3. Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820 4. National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, NY 11973 5. Materials Science and Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794 6. Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027

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Characterizing Working Catalysts with Correlated Electron and Photon Probes

Our direct density function-based simulations of Ru-, Pt- and mixed Ru-Pt clusters on carbon-based supports reveal that substrates can mediate the PtRu5 particles [1]. Oblate structure of PtRu5 on C has been found [2]. Nevertheless, the cluster-substrate interface interactions are still unknown. In this work, we present the applications of combinations of quantitative z-contrast imaging and high resolution electron microscopy in investigating the effect of different substrates and ligand shells on metal particles. Specifically, we developed a relatively new and powerful method to determine numbers of atoms in a nanoparticle as well as three-dimensional structures of particles including size and shape of particles on the substrates by very high angle (~96mrad) annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging [2-4] techniques. Recently, we successfully synthesize icosahedra Au13 clusters with mixed ligands and cuboctahedral Au13 cores with thiol ligands, which have been shown by TEM to be of sub-nanometer size (0.84nm) and highly monodisperse narrow distribution. X-ray absorption and UV-visible spectra indicate many differences between icosahedra and cuboctahedral Au13 cores. Particles with different ligands show different emissions and higher quantum efficiency has been found in Au11 (PPH3) SC12)2C12. We plan to deposit those ligands-protected gold clusters onto different substrates, such as, TiO2 and graphite, etc. Aforementioned analysis procedure will be performed for those particles on the substrates and results will be correlated with that of our simulations and activity properties. This approach will lead to an understanding of the cluster-substrates relationship for consideration in real applications.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S1946427400118007

The effect of substrates/ligands on metal nanocatalysts investigated by quantitative Z-contrast imaging and high resolution electron microscopy

Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Thiolates on Metals as a Form of Nanotechnology

HUIPING XU*, RAY D. TWESTEN**, LAURENT MENARD***, ANATOLY FRENKEL****, RALPH NUZZO***, DUANE JOHNSON*****, JUDITH C. YANG * * Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. ** Center for Microanalysis of Materials, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801. *** Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801. **** Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10016. ***** Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 Significant improvement on activity/selectivity of catalysts would be achieved, when their scale is reduced to small size, specifically, the subnanometer regime (<1nm), such as gold[1]. 3-dimensional structural characterization of metal nanoparticles would be required to understand the mechanism of catalysts. However, it is difficult to determine accurately important required parameters (size, crystal structure, polyhedral shape, and bond information) of individual subnano-clusters at atomic level by the conventional high-resolution electron microscopy(HREM) and high angle annular dark field (HAADF) -scanning transmission EM (STEM) imaging. The detrimental effect of lens aberration on the conventional HREM and HAADF imaging for subnanometer metal clusters has been observed. For example, both Fresnel fringes around the particles and strong phase contrast from the carbon films occur in a HREM image (Figure 1) and the obscured edges of the particles in a HAADF image (Figure 2) and these images are taken from our newly synthesized ligand-protected Au

Outlook of Application of Aberration Corrected-Electron Microscopy in the Ligandprotected Metal Clusters

Adsorption von Cyclopropan und Cyclohexan auf Cu(111)‐Oberflächen: eine experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchung zur Natur der CH‐Metall‐Wechselwirkung

Ralph G. Nuzzo

Papers

Characterizing Working Catalysts with Correlated Electron and Photon Probes

The effect of substrates/ligands on metal nanocatalysts investigated by quantitative Z-contrast imaging and high resolution electron microscopy

Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Thiolates on Metals as a Form of Nanotechnology

Outlook of Application of Aberration Corrected-Electron Microscopy in the Ligandprotected Metal Clusters

Adsorption von Cyclopropan und Cyclohexan auf Cu(111)‐Oberflächen: eine experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchung zur Natur der CH‐Metall‐Wechselwirkung