Fundamentals of Plasmonics.- Electromagnetics of Metals.- Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Metal / Insulator Interfaces.- Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Planar Interfaces.- Imaging Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation.- Localized Surface Plasmons.- Electromagnetic Surface Modes at Low Frequencies.- Applications.- Plasmon Waveguides.- Transmission of Radiation Through Apertures and Films.- Enhancement of Emissive Processes and Nonlinearities.- Spectroscopy and Sensing.- Metamaterials and Imaging with Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- Concluding Remarks.

/pdf/plasmonics-fundamentals-and-applications-4syb9877sr.pdf

Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications

From molecules to crystal engineering: supramolecular isomerism and polymorphism in network solids.

This critical review will be of interest to the experts in porous solids (including catalysis), but also solid state chemists and physicists. It presents the state-of-the-art on hybrid porous solids, their advantages, their new routes of synthesis, the structural concepts useful for their ‘design’, aiming at reaching very large pores. Their dynamic properties and the possibility of predicting their structure are described. The large tunability of the pore size leads to unprecedented properties and applications. They concern adsorption of species, storage and delivery and the physical properties of the dense phases. (323 references)

Hybrid porous solids: past, present, future

Since the first application of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon for sensing almost two decades ago, this method has made great strides both in terms of instrumentation development and applications. SPR sensor technology has been commercialized and SPR biosensors have become a central tool for characterizing and quantifying biomolecular interactions. This paper attempts to review the major developments in SPR technology. Main application areas are outlined and examples of applications of SPR sensor technology are presented. Future prospects of SPR sensor technology are discussed.

Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review

Optical tweezers use the forces exerted by a strongly focused beam of light to trap and move objects ranging in size from tens of nanometres to tens of micrometres. Since their introduction in 1986, the optical tweezer has become an important tool for research in the fields of biology, physical chemistry and soft condensed matter physics. Recent advances promise to take optical tweezers out of the laboratory and into the mainstream of manufacturing and diagnostics; they may even become consumer products. The next generation of single-beam optical traps offers revolutionary new opportunities for fundamental and applied research.

http://physics.nyu.edu/grierlab/nreview2c/nreview2c.pdf

A revolution in optical manipulation

We have developed a nanometric fabrication system by manipulating chromium (Cr) atoms with laser beams. We utilized a laser diode with very narrow linewidth (approximately 5 MHz) to generate the photon force on the Cr atoms. The gradient force is exerted on the atoms in a standing wave, and the atoms are deposited in the periodical low potential regions of the standing wave, and a series of Cr lines are formed on the substrate with the periodicity of the standing wave. In order to optimize conditions for this deposition technique, we have performed a numerical analysis of the property of fabrication by tracing the trajectories of the atoms in the potential of light field. We found that the laser power and the degree of the collimation of the atom beam are important to obtain sharp structures. In addition, the longitudinal deceleration of the atom beam reduces strongly the structure size and increases the depth of the focus of the atom beam.

Deposition of chromium atoms by using the radiation force of a frequency-doubled laser diode for direct atomic lithography

We investigate the polarization property in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy by employing a radial plate consisting of four divided half-wave plates each with a different orientation of the slow axis. The radial plate provides both longitudinal (parallel to the tip axis; p-polarization) and lateral (perpendicular to the tip axis; s-polarization) of the electric field on the sample plane by selecting the proper polarization of the incident field. Single-walled carbon nanotubes, which have strong polarization dependence, are investigated with this polarization control. The radial breathing mode (RBM) and the G-band, which belong to different vibrational symmetries, show opposite polarization dependences. For both p and s-polarization studies, we used a new method for preparing silver probe with a silver particle at the apex. In this method, the probe has been coated with silver colloids by the mirroring reaction. We characterize the morphology of the silver probe by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A silver particle with diameter ~40 nm which is ideal for localized surface plasmon excitation in the visible wavelength range is formed at the tip apex with high reproducibility. . Experimental Probe preparation; We have used mirroring reaction method for probe preparation. This method is an electroless plating which forms silver surface of well-packed particles on various kinds of substrate such as glass, silicon, silicon nitride, mica, or polymers. The detail of the preparation of silver surfaces on borosilicate glass substrates, which involves the reduction of silver nitrate by glucose, has been previously given in ref [1]. Varying the reaction conditions, principally by varying the concentration of silver nitrate solution, can control the colloidal particle size.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/10426/33139/01561024.pdf

Polarization measurements in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Here we show that femtosecond laser irradiation can be used to evoke dynamic calcium concentration changes in living cells. The relatively localized interaction that results from the two-photon absorption process allows the release of calcium from intracellular stores in cells in vitro. The self-catalytic response to calcium elevation in a cell can increase the initial release of calcium further so that the entire cell undergoes a rise in cytosolic calcium concentration (i.e. a calcium wave). The calcium stimulation was observed in HeLa (non-excitable) and PC12 (excitable) cells, and could be seen to occur inside a range of power levels between approximately 20 to 80mW. The observation of direct calcium release by femtosecond laser which leads to a calcium wave in the cell has implications for photolytic calcium uncaging experiments since it could be a competing, or even dominant factor in some experiments using caged calcium for the generation of calcium waves.

/pdf/femtosecond-laser-induced-calcium-release-in-neural-type-2aj6nf3bsl.pdf

Femtosecond laser-induced calcium release in neural-type cells

Two-photon-induced metal ion reduction technique is developed for fabricating 3D metallic micro/nano structures. The fabrication of continuous and electrically conductive silver structures with a minimum width of 100nm are demonstrated. Moreover, the realization of self-supporting 3D silver microstructures is demonstrated. This technique will become a promising tool for realizing three-dimensional plasmonic metamaterials.

Two-photon fabrication of three-dimensional metamaterials

Conventional nanotechnology based on the lithography and scanning probe microscopy is limited to 2D fabrication and modification. Here, I will talk about the method for 3D laser fabrication with two-photon polymerization [1], two-photon isomerization [2], and two-photon photo-reduction [3]. Self-growth technology, such as self-grown fiber structures of polymer [4] and self-grown metallic fractal metamaterials structures [5] will be also discussed.

Satoshi Kawata

Papers

Deposition of chromium atoms by using the radiation force of a frequency-doubled laser diode for direct atomic lithography

Polarization measurements in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Femtosecond laser-induced calcium release in neural-type cells

Two-photon fabrication of three-dimensional metamaterials

Optical 3D Nano-fabrication: Drawing or Growing? (Conference Presentation)