Fundamentals of Plasmonics.- Electromagnetics of Metals.- Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Metal / Insulator Interfaces.- Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Planar Interfaces.- Imaging Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation.- Localized Surface Plasmons.- Electromagnetic Surface Modes at Low Frequencies.- Applications.- Plasmon Waveguides.- Transmission of Radiation Through Apertures and Films.- Enhancement of Emissive Processes and Nonlinearities.- Spectroscopy and Sensing.- Metamaterials and Imaging with Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- Concluding Remarks.

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Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications

From molecules to crystal engineering: supramolecular isomerism and polymorphism in network solids.

This critical review will be of interest to the experts in porous solids (including catalysis), but also solid state chemists and physicists. It presents the state-of-the-art on hybrid porous solids, their advantages, their new routes of synthesis, the structural concepts useful for their ‘design’, aiming at reaching very large pores. Their dynamic properties and the possibility of predicting their structure are described. The large tunability of the pore size leads to unprecedented properties and applications. They concern adsorption of species, storage and delivery and the physical properties of the dense phases. (323 references)

Hybrid porous solids: past, present, future

Since the first application of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon for sensing almost two decades ago, this method has made great strides both in terms of instrumentation development and applications. SPR sensor technology has been commercialized and SPR biosensors have become a central tool for characterizing and quantifying biomolecular interactions. This paper attempts to review the major developments in SPR technology. Main application areas are outlined and examples of applications of SPR sensor technology are presented. Future prospects of SPR sensor technology are discussed.

Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review

Optical tweezers use the forces exerted by a strongly focused beam of light to trap and move objects ranging in size from tens of nanometres to tens of micrometres. Since their introduction in 1986, the optical tweezer has become an important tool for research in the fields of biology, physical chemistry and soft condensed matter physics. Recent advances promise to take optical tweezers out of the laboratory and into the mainstream of manufacturing and diagnostics; they may even become consumer products. The next generation of single-beam optical traps offers revolutionary new opportunities for fundamental and applied research.

http://physics.nyu.edu/grierlab/nreview2c/nreview2c.pdf

A revolution in optical manipulation

We propose a nondestructive inspection method for the quantitative analysis of molds inside soya beans (Phaseolus coccineus L.) that does not render the beans unfit for human consumption. Three near-infrared lasers are used for multispectral transmission imaging of the beans. Eigenvalue analysis and a least-squares method are used for estimation of the diffuse reflectance spectrum of each type of mold. The estimated spectra are used for determining the internal concentration of the molds inside the beans. Experimental results verify the usefulness of our method.

Nondestructive inspection of phaseolus coccineus l. soya beans by use of near-infrared lasers

Temperature-dependent photodegradation during UV-resonance Raman spectroscopy was investigated. Photodegradation was quantitatively probed by monitoring the temporal evolution of UV-resonance Raman spectra obtained from bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) showing, resonance effect at a 355-nm excitation wavelength. At 80 K, the molecular photodecomposition rate was 5-times lower than that at room temperature. The decomposition rates of BChl were analyzed by the Arrhenius formula, indicating that the mechanism of photodegradation includes a thermal process having an activation energy of 1.4 kJ/mol.

Temperature-dependent Photodegradation in UV-resonance Raman Spectroscopy

Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) for Nanoscale Imaging and Analysis

A method for eliminating the contribution of nonpivotal plane images into a conventional X-ray motion tomogram is described. A set of tomograms, each focused on one of distinct parallel planes, are combined to form a blur-free tomogram. From the mathematical analysis of conventional tomography, it is found that the multisection tomography system reduces to a three-dimensional incomplete linear system with angularly limited frequency response. An iterative constrained reconstruction algorithm incorporating the object boundary constraint is used for reconstruction of a blur-free tomogram without a contribution from nonpivotal planes. Some computer simulations were made for verification of the algorithm. Although the algorithm accomplishes the three-dimensional reconstruction of volume rather than image restoration of a single slice plane, the optimal high-pass spatial filter applying to a single tomogram is derived on the way to solving the inverse problem of the multisection tomography system.

Elimination of Nonpivotal Plane Images from X-Ray Motion Tomograms

Background and objective Pancreatic fat is a form of ectopic fat. Lipid droplets (LDs) are also observed in β cells; however, the pathophysiological significance, especially for β cell function, has not been elucidated. Our aim was to assess LD accumulation in β cells in various stages of glucose intolerance and to clarify its relationship with clinical and histological parameters. Methods We examined 42 Japanese patients who underwent pancreatectomy. The BODIPY493/503-positive (BODIPY-positive) area in β cells was measured in pancreatic sections from 32 patients. The insulin granule numbers were counted in an additional 10 patients using electron microscopy. Results The BODIPY-positive area in β cells in preexisting type 2 diabetes patients was higher than that in normal glucose tolerance patients (p = 0.031). The BODIPY-positive area in β cells was positively correlated with age (r = 0.45, p = 0.0097), HbA1c (r = 0.38, p = 0.0302), fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.37, p = 0.045), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (r = 0.41, p = 0.049) and negatively correlated with an increase in the C-peptide immunoreactivity level by the glucagon test (r = -0.59, p = 0.018). The ratio of mature insulin granule number to total insulin granule number was reduced in the patients with rich LD accumulation in β cells (p = 0.039). Conclusions Type 2 diabetes patients had high LD accumulation in β cells, which was associated with insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, aging and β cell dysfunction involving decreased mature insulin granules.

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Lipid droplet accumulation in β cells in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and β cell dysfunction involving decreased insulin granules

Satoshi Kawata

Papers

Nondestructive inspection of phaseolus coccineus l. soya beans by use of near-infrared lasers

Temperature-dependent Photodegradation in UV-resonance Raman Spectroscopy

Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) for Nanoscale Imaging and Analysis

Elimination of Nonpivotal Plane Images from X-Ray Motion Tomograms

Lipid droplet accumulation in β cells in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and β cell dysfunction involving decreased insulin granules