Fundamentals of Plasmonics.- Electromagnetics of Metals.- Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Metal / Insulator Interfaces.- Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Planar Interfaces.- Imaging Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation.- Localized Surface Plasmons.- Electromagnetic Surface Modes at Low Frequencies.- Applications.- Plasmon Waveguides.- Transmission of Radiation Through Apertures and Films.- Enhancement of Emissive Processes and Nonlinearities.- Spectroscopy and Sensing.- Metamaterials and Imaging with Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- Concluding Remarks.

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Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications

From molecules to crystal engineering: supramolecular isomerism and polymorphism in network solids.

This critical review will be of interest to the experts in porous solids (including catalysis), but also solid state chemists and physicists. It presents the state-of-the-art on hybrid porous solids, their advantages, their new routes of synthesis, the structural concepts useful for their ‘design’, aiming at reaching very large pores. Their dynamic properties and the possibility of predicting their structure are described. The large tunability of the pore size leads to unprecedented properties and applications. They concern adsorption of species, storage and delivery and the physical properties of the dense phases. (323 references)

Hybrid porous solids: past, present, future

Since the first application of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon for sensing almost two decades ago, this method has made great strides both in terms of instrumentation development and applications. SPR sensor technology has been commercialized and SPR biosensors have become a central tool for characterizing and quantifying biomolecular interactions. This paper attempts to review the major developments in SPR technology. Main application areas are outlined and examples of applications of SPR sensor technology are presented. Future prospects of SPR sensor technology are discussed.

Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review

Optical tweezers use the forces exerted by a strongly focused beam of light to trap and move objects ranging in size from tens of nanometres to tens of micrometres. Since their introduction in 1986, the optical tweezer has become an important tool for research in the fields of biology, physical chemistry and soft condensed matter physics. Recent advances promise to take optical tweezers out of the laboratory and into the mainstream of manufacturing and diagnostics; they may even become consumer products. The next generation of single-beam optical traps offers revolutionary new opportunities for fundamental and applied research.

http://physics.nyu.edu/grierlab/nreview2c/nreview2c.pdf

A revolution in optical manipulation

The proposal and analysis of locally controllable amplification of images by two-wave coupling in a Bi12SiO20 crystal with an external electric voltage application are presented. The amplification factor for the signal image is a function of two-dimensional space, according to the intensity distribution of the reference beam and photoconductance distribution formed by the reference beam intensity. We simulate this phenomena in a BSO by a computer with practical parameters, using a resistance-network model. The experimental results of the amplified images are shown to verify the theoretical analysis.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1143/JJAP.29.L1547/pdf

Locally Controllable Image Amplification by Two-Wave Coupling with a BSO Crystal

We present a method for fabricating 3D photonic crystal structures by means of interference pattern of laser beams. Four laser beams are introduced into a glass cell filled with a liquid photopolymerizable resin. The resin is polymerized according to the interference patter of four laser beams formed in the resin, so that a square lattice of solid polymer rod-array is formed. Four beams are introduced into the cell again from another face, which is perpendicular to the previous entrance face, to form another rod-array inside the previous one, thereby producing a 3D photonic crysatl structure. The shape of the formed lattice is so-called "wood-pile" which has diamond-like lattice symmetry. The lattice constant of the photonic crystal can be tuned by selecting incident angles of laser beams and can be minimized to about a half of the laser wavelength. After irradiation of laser light, the non-solidified resin is washed out of the polymer structure by ethanol. The proposed method does not require complicated multiple processes compared with the layer-by-layer fabrication method, and thick photonic crystals are immediately produced with high precision.

Photofabrication of woodpile three-dimensional photonic crystal by using laser interference

Individual titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystals with bandgaps in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) wavelength range were investigated using resonant Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy. A microscopy system that was switchable from dark-field imaging to scattering spectroscopy was specifically constructed for a broadband UV light source. Weak Rayleigh scattering from a single nanocrystal a few nanometers in size was obtained through the UV excitation resonance and high positional reproducibility of the switching optics. Individual nanocrystals exhibited specific intrinsic bandgaps depending on their size, shape, and crystallinity, greatly affecting their photocatalytic efficiency.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.7567/APEX.7.112402/pdf

Individual TiO2 nanocrystals probed by resonant Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy

Two photon polymerization (TPP) lithography has been established as a powerful tool to develop 3D fine structures of polymer materials, opening up a wide range applications such as micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). TPP lithography is also promising for 3D micro fabrication of nanocomposites embedded with nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles. Here, we make use of TPP lithography to fabricate 3D micro structural single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/polymer composites. SWCNTs exhibit remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties, which leads to enhance performances of polymers by loading SWCNTs. SWCNTs were uniformly dispersed in an acrylate UV-curable monomer including a few amounts of photo-initiator and photo-sensitizer. A femtosecond pulsed laser emitting at 780 nm was focused onto the resin, resulting in the photo-polymerization of a nanometric volume of the resin through TPP. By scanning the focus spot three dimensionally, arbitrary 3D structures were created. The spatial resolution of the fabrication was sub-micrometer, and SWCNTs were embedded in the sub-micro sized structures. The fabrication technique enables one to fabricate 3D micro structural SWCNT/polymer composites into desired shapes, and thus the technique should open up the further applications of SWCNT/polymer composites such as micro sized photomechanical actuators.

Two photon polymerization lithography for 3D microfabrication of single wall carbon nanotube/polymer composites

We have fabricated apertured cantilever probes for infrared near-field scanning optical microscopy. The probes have a hollow tip with an opening angle of 70°, which leads to high optical throughputs throughout the fingerprint region. For an aperture which is 1 µm in diameter, an optical throughput of 1.0×10-4 has been achieved at a wavelength of 5.8 µm.

Satoshi Kawata

Papers

Locally Controllable Image Amplification by Two-Wave Coupling with a BSO Crystal

Photofabrication of woodpile three-dimensional photonic crystal by using laser interference

Individual TiO2 nanocrystals probed by resonant Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy

Two photon polymerization lithography for 3D microfabrication of single wall carbon nanotube/polymer composites

Apertured cantilever probes for infrared near-field scanning optical microscopy