Fundamentals of Plasmonics.- Electromagnetics of Metals.- Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Metal / Insulator Interfaces.- Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Planar Interfaces.- Imaging Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation.- Localized Surface Plasmons.- Electromagnetic Surface Modes at Low Frequencies.- Applications.- Plasmon Waveguides.- Transmission of Radiation Through Apertures and Films.- Enhancement of Emissive Processes and Nonlinearities.- Spectroscopy and Sensing.- Metamaterials and Imaging with Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- Concluding Remarks.

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Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications

From molecules to crystal engineering: supramolecular isomerism and polymorphism in network solids.

This critical review will be of interest to the experts in porous solids (including catalysis), but also solid state chemists and physicists. It presents the state-of-the-art on hybrid porous solids, their advantages, their new routes of synthesis, the structural concepts useful for their ‘design’, aiming at reaching very large pores. Their dynamic properties and the possibility of predicting their structure are described. The large tunability of the pore size leads to unprecedented properties and applications. They concern adsorption of species, storage and delivery and the physical properties of the dense phases. (323 references)

Hybrid porous solids: past, present, future

Since the first application of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon for sensing almost two decades ago, this method has made great strides both in terms of instrumentation development and applications. SPR sensor technology has been commercialized and SPR biosensors have become a central tool for characterizing and quantifying biomolecular interactions. This paper attempts to review the major developments in SPR technology. Main application areas are outlined and examples of applications of SPR sensor technology are presented. Future prospects of SPR sensor technology are discussed.

Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review

Optical tweezers use the forces exerted by a strongly focused beam of light to trap and move objects ranging in size from tens of nanometres to tens of micrometres. Since their introduction in 1986, the optical tweezer has become an important tool for research in the fields of biology, physical chemistry and soft condensed matter physics. Recent advances promise to take optical tweezers out of the laboratory and into the mainstream of manufacturing and diagnostics; they may even become consumer products. The next generation of single-beam optical traps offers revolutionary new opportunities for fundamental and applied research.

http://physics.nyu.edu/grierlab/nreview2c/nreview2c.pdf

A revolution in optical manipulation

Two-photon absorption (TPA) provides the ability to confine photochemical and physical reactions to the order of laser wavelength in three dimensions. For applying TPA to laser precision microfabrication, we proposed a two-photon photopolymerization technique, by which photonic crystals and various micromachines with near-diffraction-limit features have been produced. Here we show that the diffraction limit was exceeded by utilizing nonlinear laser-matter interaction processes, and spatial resolutions far smaller than the diffraction limit were achieved. The super resolution, combined with other technologies newly developed by us including three-dimensional imaging of voxels, rapid surface profile scanning, device functionalization and its mechanical driving with a laser trapping force, and dye-doping polymerization for three-dimensional microdiagnosis, makes the technique quite compelling for nanophotonic and optical microelectromechanical (MEMS) applications.

Two-photon laser precision microfabrication and its applications to micro-nano devices and systems

We describe the use of two-photon absorption in a photorefractive crystal for recording bit data in multilayered optical memory. A short-pulse near-infrared laser is used for generating the photorefractive effect by two-photon absorption. We succeeded in recording and reading seven layers of data in a LiNbO3 crystal with a lateral resolution (distance between bits) of 5 µm and an axial resolution (distance between layers) of 20 µm.

Use of two-photon absorption in a photorefractive crystal for three-dimensional optical memory

We report on near-field Raman spectra of a single nanocrystal of DNA-base adenine molecules using a silver-layer-coated apertureless probe tip of an atomic force microscope. The tip-enhanced near-field Raman spectrum shows eight Raman bands that are assigned to the normal modes of adenine molecules based on the density-functional theory ~DFT! calculations. The vibrational frequencies of several bands are observed to have unambiguously shifted to the values of the corresponding bands, observed using the conventional surfaceenhanced Raman-scattering spectrum of adenine molecules adsorbed on colloidal silver particles. The DFT vibrational calculations of adenine complexes involving a silver atom suggest that the Raman band shifts occur due to the deformation of adenine molecules by the silver atoms coated in the probe tip.

Tip-enhanced near-field Raman analysis of tip-pressurized adenine molecule

Localized surface plasmon resonances were controlled at deep-ultraviolet (DUV) wavelengths by fabricating aluminum (Al) nanostructures in a size-controllable manner. Plasmon resonances were obtained at wavelengths from near-UV down to 270 nm (4.6 eV) depending on the fabricated structure size. Such precise size control was realized by the nanosphere lithography technique combined with additional microwave heating to shrink the spaces in a close-packed monolayer of colloidal nanosphere masks. By adjusting the microwave heating time, the sizes of the Al nanostructures could be controlled from 80 nm to 50 nm without the need to use nanosphere beads of different sizes. With the outstanding controllability and versatility of the presented fabrication technique, the fabricated Al nanostructure is promising for use as a DUV plasmonic substrate, a light-harvesting platform for mediating strong light–matter interactions between UV photons and molecules placed near the metal nanostructure.

http://naspec.ap.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/pdf/12_APL_101_81110.pdf

Satoshi Kawata

Papers

Two-photon laser precision microfabrication and its applications to micro-nano devices and systems

Use of two-photon absorption in a photorefractive crystal for three-dimensional optical memory

Tip-enhanced near-field Raman analysis of tip-pressurized adenine molecule

Tailoring plasmon resonances in the deep-ultraviolet by size-tunable fabrication of aluminum nanostructures

Multicolor Polymer Nanocomposites: In Situ Synthesis and Fabrication of 3D Microstructures