Fundamentals of Plasmonics.- Electromagnetics of Metals.- Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Metal / Insulator Interfaces.- Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Planar Interfaces.- Imaging Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation.- Localized Surface Plasmons.- Electromagnetic Surface Modes at Low Frequencies.- Applications.- Plasmon Waveguides.- Transmission of Radiation Through Apertures and Films.- Enhancement of Emissive Processes and Nonlinearities.- Spectroscopy and Sensing.- Metamaterials and Imaging with Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- Concluding Remarks.

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Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications

From molecules to crystal engineering: supramolecular isomerism and polymorphism in network solids.

This critical review will be of interest to the experts in porous solids (including catalysis), but also solid state chemists and physicists. It presents the state-of-the-art on hybrid porous solids, their advantages, their new routes of synthesis, the structural concepts useful for their ‘design’, aiming at reaching very large pores. Their dynamic properties and the possibility of predicting their structure are described. The large tunability of the pore size leads to unprecedented properties and applications. They concern adsorption of species, storage and delivery and the physical properties of the dense phases. (323 references)

Hybrid porous solids: past, present, future

Since the first application of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon for sensing almost two decades ago, this method has made great strides both in terms of instrumentation development and applications. SPR sensor technology has been commercialized and SPR biosensors have become a central tool for characterizing and quantifying biomolecular interactions. This paper attempts to review the major developments in SPR technology. Main application areas are outlined and examples of applications of SPR sensor technology are presented. Future prospects of SPR sensor technology are discussed.

Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review

Optical tweezers use the forces exerted by a strongly focused beam of light to trap and move objects ranging in size from tens of nanometres to tens of micrometres. Since their introduction in 1986, the optical tweezer has become an important tool for research in the fields of biology, physical chemistry and soft condensed matter physics. Recent advances promise to take optical tweezers out of the laboratory and into the mainstream of manufacturing and diagnostics; they may even become consumer products. The next generation of single-beam optical traps offers revolutionary new opportunities for fundamental and applied research.

http://physics.nyu.edu/grierlab/nreview2c/nreview2c.pdf

A revolution in optical manipulation

A method for reconstructing a spectrum from a binary interferogram observed with an Fourier transform IR spectrometer is described. With this method an interferogram is quantized with a 1-bit analog-to-digital converter with a differentiator and an integrator. This method, called delta sigma modulation, features an oversampling of a signal at a rate much higher than the Nyquist sampling rate. We show experimental examples of IR spectra reconstructed by the method, which demonstrate the potential applications of the method to Fourier transform IR analysis. The results imply that the method may exceed the dynamic range over the one attainable with a conventional Fourier transform spectrometer with an analog-to-digital converter of a finite bit number.

Dynamic range enhancement of Fourier transform infrared spectrum measurement using delta sigma modulation.

We have developed an optical reflectometry system to investigate the inside of a scattering medium by using focused ultrasound wave to specify the measuring point. The reflected light is generated by the variation of the refractive indices induced by a focused ultrasound wave. The optical reflectometry technique enables us to observe an internal structure such as a human tissue noninvasively for biomedical applications. We have observed samples which consist of an agarose block with a cubic piece of agarose stained with a dye as an absorptive material. The intensity of the light reflected from the focal region of the ultrasound is decreased when the measuring point was in the stained agarose section because of absorption by the dye. Furthermore, we have observed a sample with a weak scattering object made of agarose surrounded by strong scattering agarose that contains poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1143/JJAP.38.L1478/pdf

Ultrasound-Assisted Optical Reflectometry in Highly Scattering Media

Gain enhancement via signal beam chopping for two-wave coupling with a Bi12SiO20 crystal is demonstrated. In this method the gain of a two-wave coupling scheme is increased using a transient effect. This effect is created during the grating formation due to the phase difference between the interference fringe of the light intensity incident on the crystal and the photoinduced refractive index fringe in the crystal. The maximum gain of 11.7 was achieved with an applied electric field of 6.0 kV/cm, a fringe spacing of 29.5 μm, a beam intensity ratio of 1240, and a chopping frequency of 6.0 Hz. This gain is nearly as high as that obtained with the moving interference-fringe method proposed by Huignard and Marrakchi. The gain enhancement using the transient effect caused by the polarization rotation of the signal beam (using a rotating halfwave plate) is also described. Preliminary experimental results are shown.

Gain enhancement by signal beam chopping for two-wave coupling with a BSO crystal.

We have demonstrated the higher yield dimerization of single-crystalline Ag nanocubes through preciously controlled face-selective functionalization. With the achievement of the higher yield dimerization, we could thus observe some interesting optical properties of the dimer. Both experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the 50-nm-diameter Ag nanocubes dimers with a ca. 3.3 nm gap at their junction exhibited two plasmon peaks centered at 446 nm and 600 nm, which contributed to transverse and longitudinal plasmon resonances, respectively. Elctromagnetic calculations based on the FDTD method clearly showed that a greater enhancement of the local field occurred, with an average amplitude of the electric field of 22, at the fractal space between the aggregated Ag nanocubes when the dimer was illuminated under longitudinally polarized light.

Satoshi Kawata

Papers

Dynamic range enhancement of Fourier transform infrared spectrum measurement using delta sigma modulation.

Ultrasound-Assisted Optical Reflectometry in Highly Scattering Media

Gain enhancement by signal beam chopping for two-wave coupling with a BSO crystal.

Simple and versatile route to high yield face-to-face dimeric assembly of Ag nanocubes and their surface plasmonic properties.

Large-amplitude current modulation of semiconductor laser and multichannel optical imaging