Over the 100 years since its discovery, liquid crystals have been the intriguing subject for both academia and industries. The textbook of de Gennes The Physics of Liquid Crystals published in 1974 is still the bible for many LC researchers, but new subjects unmentioned in the book have also risen for these years. This chapter describes the story of the recent developments and the future perspectives in physics of liquid crystals, especially focusing on the contributions by Japanese research groups for the last decade.

Physics of Liquid Crystals

The current status of the use of nanoparticles for photothermal treatments is reviewed in detail. The different families of heating nanoparticles are described paying special attention to the physical mechanisms at the root of the light-to-heat conversion processes. The heating efficiencies and spectral working ranges are listed and compared. The most important results obtained in both in vivo and in vitro nanoparticle assisted photothermal treatments are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of the different heating nanoparticles are discussed.

Nanoparticles for photothermal therapies.

Design and fabrication of electrochemical energy storage systems with both high energy and power densities as well as long cycling life is of great importance. As one of these systems, Battery-supercapacitor hybrid device (BSH) is typically constructed with a high-capacity battery-type electrode and a high-rate capacitive electrode, which has attracted enormous attention due to its potential applications in future electric vehicles, smart electric grids, and even miniaturized electronic/optoelectronic devices, etc. With proper design, BSH will provide unique advantages such as high performance, cheapness, safety, and environmental friendliness. This review first addresses the fundamental scientific principle, structure, and possible classification of BSHs, and then reviews the recent advances on various existing and emerging BSHs such as Li-/Na-ion BSHs, acidic/alkaline BSHs, BSH with redox electrolytes, and BSH with pseudocapacitive electrode, with the focus on materials and electrochemical performances. Furthermore, recent progresses in BSH devices with specific functionalities of flexibility and transparency, etc. will be highlighted. Finally, the future developing trends and directions as well as the challenges will also be discussed; especially, two conceptual BSHs with aqueous high voltage window and integrated 3D electrode/electrolyte architecture will be proposed.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/advs.201600539

Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices: Recent Progress and Future Prospects.

Taking advantage of exceptional attributes, such as being easy-to-operate, economical, sensitive, portable, and simple-to-construct, in recent decades, considerable attention has been devoted to the integration of recognition elements with electronic elements to develop electrochemical sensors and biosensors.Various electrochemical devices, such as amperometric sensors, electrochemical impedance sensors, and electrochemical luminescence sensors as well as photoelectrochemical sensors, provide wide applications in the detection of chemical and biological targets in terms of electrochemical change of electrode interfaces.

With remarkable achievements in nanotechnology and nanoscience, nanomaterial-based electrochemical signal amplifications have great potential of improving both sensitivity and selectivity for electrochemical sensors and biosensors. First of all, it is well-known that the electrode materials play a critical role in the construction of high-performance electrochemical sensing platforms for detecting target molecules through various analytical principles. Furthermore, in addition to electrode materials, functional nanomaterials can not only produce a synergic effect among catalytic activity, conductivity, and biocompatibility to accelerate the signal transduction but also amplify biorecognition events with specifically designed signal tags, leading to highly sensitive biosensing. Significantly, extensive research on the construction of functional electrode materials, coupled with numerous electrochemical methods, is advancing the wide application of electrochemical devices. For example, Walcarius et al. highlighted the recent advances of nano-objects and nanoengineered and/or nanostructured materials for the rational design of biofunctionalized electrodes and related (bio)sensing systems.1 The attractiveness of such nanomaterials relies on their ability to act as effective immobilization matrices and their intrinsic and unique features as described above. These features combined with the functioning of biomolecules contribute to the improvement of bioelectrode performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Our group recently presented a general overview of nanomaterial-enhanced paper-based biosensors including lateral-flow test-strip and paper microfluidic devices.2 With different kinds of nanoparticles (NPs), paper-based biosensor devices have shown a great potential in the enhancement of sensitivity and specificity of disease diagnosis in developing countries.

This Review focuses on recent advances in electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on nanomaterials and nanostructures during 2013 to 2014. The aim of this effort is to provide the reader with a clear and concise view of new advances in areas ranging from electrode engineering, strategies for electrochemical signal amplification, and novel electroanalytical techniques used in the miniaturization and integration of the sensors. Moreover, the authors have attempted to highlight areas of the latest and significant development of enhanced electrochemical nanosensors and nanobiosensors that inspire broader interests across various disciplines. Electrochemical sensors for small molecules, enzyme-based biosensors, genosensors, immunosensors, and cytosensors are reviewed herein (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Such novel advances are important for the development of electrochemical sensors that open up new avenues and methods for future research. We recommend readers interested in the general principles of electrochemical sensors and electrochemical methods to refer to other excellent literature for a broad scope in this area.3,4 However, due to the explosion of publications in this active field, we do not claim that this Review includes all of the published works in the past two years and we apologize to the authors of excellent work, which is unintentionally left out.



Figure 1

Schematic illustration of electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on nanomaterials and nanostructures, in which electrochemical sensors for small molecular, enzyme-based biosensors, genosensors, immunosensors, and cytosensors are demonstrated.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ac5039863

Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanostructures

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Introduction To Electrodynamics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among fashion retail-entertainment, store image and store loyalty. Two hundred eleven who female college students living near Seoul area participated in this study. Two hundred sample used for data analysis. For data analysis, frequency, factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used. The results were as follows: First, fashion retail-entertainment had 4 factors such as shopping environment, sales service, dining facilities, and others. Store image composed of psychological image, merchandise mix, customer service, and advertising exposure. Store loyalty had 3 factors; cognitive loyalty, intentional loyalty, emotional loyalty. Second, retail-entertainment factors had positive influences on store image and store loyalty. Third, store image had positively affected on store loyalty. Based on these results, successful strategies for fashion retail-entertainment business would provide.

The Effects of Factors of Fashion-Retail-Entertainment on Store Image & Store Loyalty

The purpose of this study was to exam the effect of fashion social responsibility of fashion corporate brand on brand attachment and equity. A total of 217 female college students in Seoul and its suburb responded for this study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and multiple regression were used for this study. As the result, first, corporate social responsibility was classified into five factors such as social service, public local facility, economic responsibility, consumer protection and environmental protection factors. Second, brand attachment was classified into four factors such as love, interest, perception and trust factors. Third, brand equity was classified into four factors such as loyalty, quality-image, marketing and recognition factors. Generally, fashion social responsibility factors was correlated with higher scores on brand attachment and brand equity. Finally, the results revealed that corporate social responsibility accounted for 12% of the explained variance brand attachment, also brand attachment accounted for 32% of the explained variance brand equity, while Corporate social responsibility accounted for 14% of the explained variance brand equity. Based on these results, fashion brand marketing strategies would be suggested.

패션 기업의 사회적 책임이 브랜드 애착 및 브랜드 자산에 미치는 영향

An efficient ultraviolet (UV) polariser based on multi-layered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which is obtained by set of CNT films attached to substrate in series with matching orientations is demonstrat...

Multi-layered carbon nanotube UV polariser for photo-alignment of liquid crystals

1 Applied Materials Institute for BIN Convergence, Department of BIN Convergence Technology and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea 2 Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA 3 Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Korea 4 Department of Electronics Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea

Reduction of Gamma Distortion in Oblique Viewing Directions in Polymer-stabilized Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Mode

Disclosed is a vascular access apparatus including a needle having an internal lumen to communicate with a blood passage and implanted in the patient's body, a driving part for transporting the needle in a manner such that the needle tip is expelled from the patient's body, and a controlling part for controlling the operation of the driving part in response to a signal. The vascular access apparatus is advantageous in that it is convenient to use because needle insertion and removal motions are automatically performed, repetition of needle piercing is not required because the needle can be precisely inserted into a target position, it is possible to reduce the number of needle piercing motions, thus reducing the number of times that pain is applied to a patient, and it is possible to alleviate the degree of pain applied to a patient because needle piercing is performed without being anticipated by the patient.

Seung Hee Lee

Papers

The Effects of Factors of Fashion-Retail-Entertainment on Store Image & Store Loyalty

패션 기업의 사회적 책임이 브랜드 애착 및 브랜드 자산에 미치는 영향

Multi-layered carbon nanotube UV polariser for photo-alignment of liquid crystals

Reduction of Gamma Distortion in Oblique Viewing Directions in Polymer-stabilized Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Mode

Vascular access apparatus