Susumu Yoshizawa

TL;DR: This study developed and implemented several key technological advances that together enable writing neural activity into dozens of single neurons in mouse V1 at physiological time scales and developed an experimental approach to drive large numbers of individually specified neurons, distributed across V1 volumes and targeted on the basis of natural response-selectivity properties observed during specific visual stimuli.

TL;DR: It is discovered that the marine flavobacterium Krokinobacter eikastus possesses two rhodopsins, the first, KR1, being a prototypical proton pump, while the second, KR2, pumps sodium ions outward.

TL;DR: Crystal structures of KR2 under neutral and acidic conditions are presented, which represent the resting and M-like intermediate states, respectively, and reveal the molecular basis for light-driven non-proton cation pumps and provide a framework that may advance the development of next-generation optogenetics.

TL;DR: The genome of the marine flavobacterium Nonlabens marinus S1-08T encodes three different types of rhodopsins, and functional analysis demonstrated that NM-R1 andNM-R2 are light-driven outward-translocating H+ and Na+ pumps, respectively, representing the first chloride-pumping r Rhodopsin uncovered in a marine bacterium.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the rhodopsin shared by ChoanoViruses and PgV binds retinal and pumps protons when illuminated, indicating that light-dependent energy transfer systems are likely common components of giant viruses of photosynthetic and phagotrophic marine eukaryotes.