Cancer Metastasis: Building a Framework

In the screening group, 82% of men accepted at least one offer of screening. During a median follow-up of 9 years, the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer was 8.2% in the screening group and 4.8% in the control group. The rate ratio for death from prostate cancer in the screening group, as compared with the control group, was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.98; adjusted P = 0.04). The absolute risk difference was 0.71 death per 1000 men. This means that 1410 men would need to be screened and 48 additional cases of prostate cancer would need to be treated to prevent one death from prostate cancer. The analysis of men who were actually screened during the first round (excluding subjects with noncompliance) provided a rate ratio for death from prostate cancer of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.90). Conclusions PSA-based screening reduced the rate of death from prostate cancer by 20% but was associated with a high risk of overdiagnosis. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN49127736.)

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Screening and Prostate-Cancer Mortality in a Randomized European Study

In multicellular organisms, communication between cells mainly involves the secretion of proteins that then bind to receptors on neighbouring cells But another mode of intercellular communication - the release of membrane vesicles - has recently become the subject of increasing interest Membrane vesicles are complex structures composed of a lipid bilayer that contains transmembrane proteins and encloses soluble hydrophilic components derived from the cytosol of the donor cell These vesicles have been shown to affect the physiology of neighbouring recipient cells in various ways, from inducing intracellular signalling following binding to receptors to conferring new properties after the acquisition of new receptors, enzymes or even genetic material from the vesicles This Review focuses on the role of membrane vesicles, in particular exosomes, in the communication between immune cells, and between tumour and immune cells

Membrane vesicles as conveyors of immune responses

Stromal Fibroblasts Present in Invasive Human Breast Carcinomas Promote Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis through Elevated SDF-1/CXCL12 Secretion

TGFβ in Cancer

An Antiproliferative Factor From Interstitial Cystitis Patients is a Frizzled 8 Protein-Related Sialoglycopeptide

Interaction of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli With Host Uroepithelium

Overview of infection, immunology, and interstitial cystitis in the bladder.

Composition and methods are disclosed for utilizing micro-aggregation of FAP-containing complexes to promote their fast internalization. This approach allows the uptake of cytotoxic cargo coupled to either FAP-Antibodies or FAP-liposome complexes by tumor bladder cells. Importantly, this approach is efficient even under serum-free conditions such as the ones found in the lumen of the bladder.

Timothy L. Ratliff

Papers

An Antiproliferative Factor From Interstitial Cystitis Patients is a Frizzled 8 Protein-Related Sialoglycopeptide

Interaction of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli With Host Uroepithelium

Overview of infection, immunology, and interstitial cystitis in the bladder.

Treating bladder tumor cells using fibronectin attachment protein as a target

Commentary on Interleukin-6 and BCG Therapy