Timothy L. Ratliff

TL;DR: The data reveal a broadly applicable strategy across tumor types for reprogramming MDSCs and TAMs into antitumorigenic immune cells using a drug that would otherwise be too toxic to administer systemically and establish FRβ as the first marker that distinguishes immunosuppressive from nonimmunosuppression subsets of M DSCs and AMs.

TL;DR: It is believed that BCG is the current "gold standard" for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer; as such, improvements in BCG therapy would constitute improvement in the treatment and/or developing alternative therapeutic approaches.

TL;DR: The data suggest that activation of vitamin D signaling could be used to suppress MDSC function and release a constraint on T-cell mediated clearance of TU cells.

TL;DR: It is found that persistence and antitumor activity of adoptively transferred effector T cells deficient in TGF-β signaling were significantly improved in the cancerous prostate, however, over time, despite persistence in peripheral lymphoid organs, the numbers of transferred cells in the prostate decreased and the residual prostate-infiltrating T cells were no longer functional.

TL;DR: Significant differences in gene expression are achieved by varying physical parameters during intravesical instillation, and increased gene expression associated with larger volume instillation may be responsible for some reported variability of gene transfer to the bladder.