자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

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Using Multivariate Statistics

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000) is a compendium of mental disorders, a listing of the criteria used to diagnose them, and a detailed system for their definition, organization, and classification. Put simply, it is the primary diagnostic manual for mental health professionals in the United States and much of the Western world. Diagnosis refers to the identification and labeling of a mental disorder by examination and analysis. Mental health professionals diagnose individuals based on the symptoms that they report experiencing and the signs of illness with which they present. The DSM-IV-TR aids professionals in understanding and diagnosing mental disorders through its provision of explicit diagnostic criteria and an official classification system.


Keywords:

diagnosis;
classification;
mental illness;
psychopathology

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)

Taxman and Caudy (2015, this issue) argue for the utility of basing correctional interventions on individual need profiles as opposed to levels of reoffending risk and lists of risk dynamic factors. Although they acknowledge the value of the risk‐ need‐responsivity (RNR) framework in guiding offender classification and subsequent correctional interventions, the inability of the RNR model to bridge the theory-practice gap is recognized as a major weakness. The problem is that offenders vary in terms of their psychological and social problems, and this variability is often overlooked by correctional jurisdictions that use the RNR to construct policy and programs for offenders. In other words, the RNR is too blunt an instrument to reflect adequately the real-world experiences and treatment needs of individual offenders—treatment needs that span both programs and case management. Taxman and Caudy’s (2015) response to the problem of offender need heterogeneity is to search for clusters of dynamic risk factors they label “criminogenic needs” and “lifestyle destabilizers.” They believe that the best way to reduce recidivism rates is by developing a more fine-grained understanding of risk profiles and to use the subsequent grouping of offenders to determine the type and duration of intervention packages. To achieve this end, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to detect groups of offenders (from a sample of 17,252 offenders on probation) with similar clusters of needs and lifestyle destabilizers using a risk-assessment scale and measures of 11 classes of dynamic risk factors, including substance abuse, low self-control, antisocial peers, antisocial values, employment education, and family support. The employment of this statistical technique resulted in four groups: class 1—moderate needs with high destabilizers, class 2—low need with few destabilizers,

Detection of Dynamic Risk Factors and Correctional Practice

Developmental Antecedents of Sexual Offending

Treatment readiness and the therapeutic alliance

In light of the growing interest in forensic neuroscience, a pressing question concerns whether or not neurobiological evidence and explanations can make a useful contribution to understanding and ...

The contribution of neuroscience to forensic explanation

The aim of the current article is to critically examine an extremely influential multi-factorial theory of child molestation. Hall and Hirschman's (1992) quadripartite model. This innovative model was originally presented as a theory of rape and later extended to explain the onset of child sexual abuse. Despite its prominent status the adequacy of its basic ideas have never been systematically evaluated. First, I describe the quadripartite model in detail and outline its core assumptions. Next, these ideas are subject to critical analysis and I highlight its strengths and weaknesses. Finally, I conclude with some brief comments about the model and the role of theory development in the sexual offending area.

Tony Ward

Papers

Detection of Dynamic Risk Factors and Correctional Practice

Developmental Antecedents of Sexual Offending

Treatment readiness and the therapeutic alliance

The contribution of neuroscience to forensic explanation

A critique of hall and hirschman's quadripartite model of child sexual abuse