There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

This paper investigates the electrical breakdown of a polar fluoropolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) which exhibits an exceptionally high discharged electrical energy density (>25 J/cm3). It is shown that above room temperature, the breakdown strength decreases with temperature. It is further shown that such a temperature dependence of breakdown strength is consistent with the electromechanical breakdown model by taking into consideration of the plastic deformation of semicrystalline polymers.

Electrical breakdown and ultrahigh electrical energy density in poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer

https://imechanica.org/files/The%20effect%20of%20film%20thickness%20on%20the%20failure%20strain%20of%20polymer-supported%20metal%20films.pdf

The effect of film thickness on the failure strain of polymer-supported metal films

A compressively strained elastic film bonded to a viscous layer can form wrinkles. The present study provides a theoretical model for the wrinkling process. The elastic film is modeled with the nonlinear theory of a thin plate subject to in-plane and out-of-plane loads. The flow of the viscous layer is modeled with the theory of lubrication. The interface between the elastic film and the viscous layer is assumed to be perfect with no slipping or debonding. A set of partial differential equations evolves the deflection and the in-plane displacements as functions of time. A linear stability analysis identifies the critical wave number, below which the elastic film is unstable and the wrinkles can grow. For any fixed wave number less than the critical wave number, the wrinkles reach a kinetically constrained equilibrium configuration, in which the stress is partially relaxed in the elastic film and the viscous layer stops flowing. Numerical simulations reveal rich dynamics of the system with many unstable equilibrium configurations.

Wrinkling of a compressed elastic film on a viscous layer

Thin film cracking and the roles of substrate and interface

When a block of an elastomer is bent, the compressed surface may form a crease. The critical strain for creasing measured experimentally is known to disagree with that predicted by linear perturbation analysis. This paper calculates the critical strain by comparing the elastic energy in a creased body and that in a smooth body. This difference in energy is expressed by a scaling relation. Critical conditions for creasing are determined for elastomers subject to general loads and gels swelling under constraint. The theoretical results are compared with existing experimental observations.

/pdf/formation-of-creases-on-the-surfaces-of-elastomers-and-gels-2p9kqrj26s.pdf

Zhigang Suo

Papers

Electrical breakdown and ultrahigh electrical energy density in poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer

The effect of film thickness on the failure strain of polymer-supported metal films

Wrinkling of a compressed elastic film on a viscous layer

Thin film cracking and the roles of substrate and interface

Formation of creases on the surfaces of elastomers and gels