Zhiqiang Cui

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that heterogeneous nucleation of ice on glassy solution droplets is an important mechanism for ice nucleation in the tropical tropopause layer.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the current state of the science and future work to constrain and improve our understanding of secondary ice production processes and provide recommendations for in situ observations, remote sensing, laboratory investigations, and modeling approaches.

TL;DR: In this paper, a large-eddy simulation of the turbulent flow inside an idealized urban street canyon with an aspect ratio of one is studied by means of largeeddy simulation, where the mean velocity components, resolved-scale turbulent kinetic energy (RS-TKE), the skewness and kurtosis of the resolved scale velocity components (u along the canyon and w vertically) are compared with wind-tunnel measurements.

TL;DR: In this article, in-situ aircraft measurements and ground-based radar/Lidar data were obtained by using the Hallett-Mossop process of secondary ice particle production leading to the formation of the precipitation observed.

TL;DR: In this article, it is shown using simple calculations that the Hallett-Mossop process (HM) is the likely source of the secondary ice, which is shown to be a very important mechanism for producing the observed high ice concentrations.