Institution
Agrocampus Ouest
Education•Rennes, France•
About: Agrocampus Ouest is a education organization based out in Rennes, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Soil water. The organization has 2160 authors who have published 3219 publications receiving 75606 citations. The organization is also known as: Institut supérieur des sciences agronomiques, agroalimentaires, horticoles et du paysage & Higher Institute for agricultural sciences, food industry, horticulture and landscape management.
Topics: Population, Soil water, Casein, Lactation, Context (language use)
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Daniel S. Karp1, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer2, Timothy D. Meehan3, Emily A. Martin4 +153 more•Institutions (81)
TL;DR: Analysis of the largest pest-control database of its kind shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others.
Abstract: The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win-win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win-win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies.
398 citations
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TL;DR: Provided that appropriate controls are included in the analyses, qPCR and RT-qPCR appear to be highly accurate and reliable for quantification of genes and gene expression.
378 citations
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TL;DR: The present review discusses the major functions of tryptophan and its role in the regulation of growth, mood, behavior and immune responses with regard to the low availability of this amino acid and the competition between tissues and metabolic pathways for tryPTophan utilization.
Abstract: Tryptophan is an indispensable amino acid that should to be supplied by dietary protein. Apart from its incorporation into body proteins, tryptophan is the precursor for serotonin, an important neuromediator, and for kynurenine, an intermediary metabolite of a complex metabolic pathway ending with niacin, CO2, and kynurenic and xanthurenic acids. Tryptophan metabolism within different tissues is associated with numerous physiological functions. The liver regulates tryptophan homeostasis through degrading tryptophan in excess. Tryptophan degradation into kynurenine by immune cells plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune response during infections, inflammations and pregnancy. Serotonin is synthesized from tryptophan in the gut and also in the brain, where tryptophan availability is known to influence the sensitivity to mood disorders. In the present review, we discuss the major functions of tryptophan and its role in the regulation of growth, mood, behavior and immune responses with regard to the low availability of this amino acid and the competition between tissues and metabolic pathways for tryptophan utilization.
375 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the changing role of science and the theoretical, methodological and analytical challenges in considering futures of the Anthropocene, and present three broad groups of research questions on societal goals for the future; major trends and dynamics that might favor or hinder them; and factors that might propel or impede transformations towards desirable future.
Abstract: While the concept of the Anthropocene reflects the past and present nature, scale and magnitude of human impacts on the Earth System, its true significance lies in how it can be used to guide attitudes, choices, policies and actions that influence the future. Yet, to date much of the research on the Anthropocene has focused on interpreting past and present changes, while saying little about the future. Likewise, many futures studies have been insufficiently rooted in an understanding of past changes, in particular the long-term co-evolution of bio-physical and human systems. The Anthropocene perspective is one that encapsulates a world of intertwined drivers, complex dynamic structures, emergent phenomena and unintended consequences, manifest across different scales and within interlinked biophysical constraints and social conditions. In this paper we discuss the changing role of science and the theoretical, methodological and analytical challenges in considering futures of the Anthropocene. We present three broad groups of research questions on: (1) societal goals for the future; (2) major trends and dynamics that might favor or hinder them; (3) and factors that might propel or impede transformations towards desirable futures. Tackling these questions requires the development of novel approaches integrating natural and social sciences as well as the humanities beyond what is current today. We present three examples, one from each group of questions, illustrating how science might contribute to the identification of desirable and plausible futures and pave the way for transformations towards them. We argue that it is time for debates on the sustainability of the Anthropocene to focus on opportunities for realizing desirable and plausible futures.
344 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the potential use of MODIS remote sensing data for monitoring the seasonal dynamics of different types of vegetation cover that are representative of the major terrestrial biomes, including temperate deciduous forests, evergreen forests, African savannah, and crops.
339 citations
Authors
Showing all 2169 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Jean Noblet | 62 | 213 | 11131 |
Jean-Pierre Renou | 58 | 206 | 11894 |
J. F. Le Borgne | 55 | 172 | 13954 |
Jean-Christophe Simon | 47 | 159 | 7226 |
Pierre Duhamel | 46 | 513 | 12627 |
Luc Delaby | 43 | 226 | 4880 |
Jacques Baudry | 43 | 150 | 7564 |
Jean-Yves Dourmad | 43 | 116 | 4770 |
Didier Dupont | 42 | 195 | 8137 |
Daniel Mollé | 41 | 111 | 5915 |
Gwénaël Jan | 41 | 104 | 4798 |
Sylvain Gaillard | 41 | 124 | 4917 |
Michel Bonneau | 40 | 162 | 4777 |
Jean-Paul Lallès | 39 | 149 | 6846 |
Chantal Gascuel-Odoux | 39 | 117 | 4520 |