American Pharmacists Association

About: American Pharmacists Association is a other organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Pharmacist & Pharmacy. The organization has 2413 authors who have published 1969 publications receiving 30470 citations. The organization is also known as: APhA & American Pharmaceutical Association.

The Role of Selegiline in the Treatment of Negative Symptoms Associated with Schizophrenia

Abstract: Objective:To evaluate the role of selegiline in the treatment of negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia.Data Sources:MEDLINE (1966–January 2007) and PsychINFO (1967–January 2007) were searched, using the terms schizophrenia, negative symptoms, and selegiline. A bibliographic search was conducted, as well.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All English-language articles identified from the search were evaluated. All primary literature was included in the review.Data Synthesis:Based on its dopamine-enhancing property, selegiline has been studied as augmentation to antipsychotic therapy for the treatment of negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia. The efficacy of low-dose oral selegiline for the treatment of negative symptoms has been evaluated in 1 case report, 2 open-label trials, and 2 controlled trials. The case report and both open-label trials report improvement of negative symptoms associated with low-dose oral selegiline. In 1 of the controlled trials, selegiline showed no difference...

Stability of an extemporaneously prepared alcohol-free phenobarbital suspension.

Abstract: Purpose. The physical and chemical short-term stability of alcohol-free, oral suspensions of phenobarbital 10 mg/mL prepared from commercially available tablets in both a sugar and a sugar-free vehicle was assessed at room temperature. Methods. Phenobarbital oral suspension 10 mg/mL was prepared by crushing 10 60-mg tablets of phenobarbital with a mortar and pestle. A small amount of Ora-Plus was added to the phenobarbital powder to sufficiently wet the particles. A 1:1 mixture of Ora-Plus and either Ora-Sweet or Ora-Sweet SF was combined with the phenobarbital powder to produce a final volume of 60 mL. Three identical samples of each of the two different formulations were prepared and stored at room temperature in 2-oz amber plastic bottles. Immediately after preparation and at 15, 30, 60, and 115 days, the samples were assayed in duplicate by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography. The samples were tasted and inspected for color and odor changes. The percent of the initial concentration remaining at each study time for each phenobarbital suspension was determined. Stability was defined as the retention of at least 90% of the initial concentration. Results. There were no detectable changes in color, odor, and taste and no visible microbial growth in any sample. At least 98% of the initial phenobarbital concentration remained throughout the 115-day study period in both preparations. Conclusion. An extemporaneously prepared alcohol-free suspension of phenobarbital 10 mg/mL in a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet or Ora-Sweet SF was stable for at least 115 days when stored in 2-oz amber plastic bottles at room temperature.

Patient experience with clinical pharmacist services in Travis County Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Abstract: Background Positive patient experiences with care have been linked to improved health outcomes. Patient experience surveys can provide feedback about the level of patient-centered care provided by clinical pharmacists and information about how to improve services. Objectives Study objectives are: 1) To describe patient experience with clinical pharmacist services in a federally qualified health center (FQHC). 2) To determine if demographic or health-related factors were associated with patient experience. Methods This cross-sectional survey included adult patients who were English or Spanish speaking, and completed a clinical pharmacist visit in March or April 2018. Patient experience was evaluated, on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree), with 10 items using four domains: pharmacist-patient interaction information provision, support for self-care, and involvement in decision making. In addition, one item was used to rate the overall experience. Demographic and health-related variables were also collected. Eligible patients completed the survey after their clinical pharmacist visit. Descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as Cronbach's alpha for scale reliability, were employed. Results Respondents (N=99) were 55.4 (SD=12.1) years and 53.1% were women. Overall, patients rated their experiences very high with the 10-item scale score of 4.8 (SD=0.4) out of 5 points and the overall experience rating of 4.9 (SD=0.4) out of 5 points. With the exception of race, there were no differences between patient experience and demographic and health-related variables. African Americans had significantly (p=0.0466) higher patient experience scores compared to Hispanics. Conclusions Patients receiving care in a FQHC highly rated their experience with clinical pharmacists. This indicates that clinical pharmacists provided a high level of patient-centered care to a diverse group.

Development of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in a Rural and Remote Health Authority

Abstract: C JHP – Vol. 69, No. 4 – July–August 2016 JCPH – Vol. 69, no 4 – juillet–août 2016 3. Orsay C, Rakinic J, Perry WB, Hyman N, Buie D, Cataldo P, et al.; Standards Practice Task Force; American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Practical parameters for the management of anal fissures (revised). Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47(12):2003-7. 4. Hananel N, Gordon PH. Re-examination of clinical manifestations and response to therapy of fissure-in-ano. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40(2):229-33. 5. Antropoli C, Perrotti P, Rubino M, Martino A, De Stefano G, Migliore G, et al. Nifedipine for local use in conservative treatment of anal fissures: preliminary results of a multicenter study. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999; 42(8):1011-5. 6. Katsinelos P, Kountouras J, Paroutoglou G, Beltsis A, Chatzimavroudis G, Zavos C, et al. Aggressive treatment of acute anal fissure with 0.5% nifedipine ointment prevents its evolution to chronicity. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(38):6203-6. 7. Carapeti EA, Kamm MA, Phillips RK. Topical diltiazem and bethanechol decrease anal sphincter pressure and heal anal fissures without side effects. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43(10):1359-62. 8. Loder PB, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ, Phillips RK. ‘Reversible chemical sphincterotomy’ by local application of glyceryl trinitrate. Br J Surg. 1994; 81(9):1386-9. 9. Watson SJ, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ, Phillips RK. Topical glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Br J Surg 1996;83(6):771-5. 10. Simpson J, Lund JN, Thompson RJ, Kapila L, Scholefield JH. The use of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in the treatment of chronic anal fissure in children. Med Sci Monit. 2003;9(10):PI123-6. 11. Lund JN, Scholefield JH. A randomised, prospective, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in treatment of anal fissure. Lancet. 1997;349(9044):11-4. Erratum in: Lancet 1997;349(9052):656. 12. General Chapter <1191> Stability considerations in dispensing practice. In: United States pharmacopeia 39—national formulary 34. Rockville (MD): United States Pharmacopeial Convention; 2016. pp. 1557-61. 13. General Chapter <795> Pharmaceutical compounding—nonsterile preparations. In: United States pharmacopeia 39—national formulary 34. Rockville (MD): United States Pharmacopeial Convention; 2016. pp. 617-26. 14. Matsuda Y, Teraoka R, Sugimoto I. Comparative evaluation of photostability of solid-state nifedipine under ordinary and intensive light irradiation conditions. Int J Pharm. 1989;54:211-21. 15. Yuen PH, Denman SL, Sokoloski TD, Burkman AM. Loss of nitroglycerin from aqueous solution into plastic intravenous delivery systems. J Pharm Sci. 1979;68(9):1163-6.

Use of psychotropic agents to treat agitation and aggression in Brazilian patients with Alzheimer's disease: A naturalistic and multicenter study

Abstract: We assessed psychotropic prescribing patterns in the clinical treatment of agitation and aggressive behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated at specialist outpatient clinics in the Federal District of Brazil. This was a naturalistic, observational, multicenter study of a convenience sample of patients with AD (according to DSM-5) who had behavioral symptoms of aggression and/or agitation at outpatient visits, as assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and required pharmacologic intervention. Participants were recruited in 2018-2019 from 11 AD treatment centers. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected during routine visits. The sample consisted of 369 older adults with a mean age of 82.3 (SD, 7.7) years. The medications most commonly used in patients with behavioral disorders were antidepressants (79.1%), antipsychotics (70.2%), benzodiazepines (10.6%), and mood stabilizers (9.5%). Quetiapine was the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic medication (48.5%), at a mean dose of 57.4 (SD, 40.7) mg. Citalopram was the most widely used antidepressant medication (32.0%), at a mean daily dose of 24.1 (SD, 8.1) mg. In this sample, two or more pharmacologic agents were frequently used together to control aggression and agitation. Benzodiazepine was not frequently used.