American Pharmacists Association

About: American Pharmacists Association is a other organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Pharmacist & Pharmacy. The organization has 2413 authors who have published 1969 publications receiving 30470 citations. The organization is also known as: APhA & American Pharmaceutical Association.

Retrospective Review of Critically Ill Patients Experiencing Alcohol Withdrawal: Dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol and/or Lorazepam Continuous Infusions.

Abstract: BackgroundAlcohol withdrawal symptoms can be difficult to manage and may lead to an intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients experiencing severe alcohol withdrawal often require high doses of ...

Intravenous Human Plasma-Derived Augmentation Therapy in α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: From Pharmacokinetic Analysis to Individualizing Therapy

Abstract: Background:Severs forms of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency require augmentation therapy by intravenous administration of purified preparations of AAT concentrate. Although standard AAT treatment schedules are widely available, pharmacokinetic studies characterizing AAT serum decay are scarce, and data on the variability of individual patients are almost nonexistent.Objective:To establish individual AAT pharmacokinetics and develop a predictive model based on simple pharmacokinetic characterization that can be used to optimize Individual AAT dosing regimens.Methods:Seven patients with severe hereditary AAT deficiency (PI*ZZ phonotype) with serum AAT levels less than 0.50 g/L Initially received AAT 180 mg/kg every 3 weeks. At 7, 14, and 21 days after AAT administration, serum samples were taken for quantitative AAT analysis and further one-compartment pharmacokinetic analysis. Subsequently, patients were rescheduled (dose and dosing interval) according to their individual responses. The influence of baselin...

Antinociceptive effect of elaeagnus angustifolia fruits on sciatic nerve ligated mice

Abstract: Objective(s) The role of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit as an analgesic agent in acute pain has been proved earlier. In this study, the effects of aqueous extracts of three parts of this fruit (pericarp, medulla and seed) on chronic pain were investigated in mice. Materials and Methods A partial nerve injury was made using a tight ligature around the sciatic nerve, then doses (0.5, 1, 1.5 g/kg, i.p.) of pericarp, medulla and seed extracts were injected in nerve ligated mice. The effect of different doses of three parts of this fruit on chronic pain was examined 14 days after sciatic nerve ligation using the hot-plate test. Controls received saline (5 ml/kg, i.p.) and imipramine (40 mg/kg). Results In the hot plate test, intraperitoneal injection of different doses of three parts of this fruit showed considerable analgesic effect on nerve ligated mice that was dose dependent with duration of action of 120 min. Conclusion Administration of the aqueous extracts of pericarp, medulla and seed of E. angustifolia fruit indicated significant analgesic effect on chronic pain in nerve ligated animals.

Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system: expectations and experiences of users

Abstract: Objectives To explore physicians' and nurses' expectations before and experiences after the implementation of a computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system in order to give suggestions for future optimization of the system as well as the implementation process. Method On four internal medicine wards of two Dutch hospitals, 18 physicians and 42 nurses were interviewed to measure expectations and experiences with the CPOE system. Using semi-structured questionnaires, expectations and experiences of physicians and nurses with the CPOE system were measured with statements on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = completely disagree, 5 = completely agree). The percentage respondents agreeing (score of 4 or 5) was calculated. Chi-squared tests were used to compare the expectations versus experiences of physicians and nurses and to assess the differences between physicians and nurses. Results In general, both physicians and nurses were positive about CPOE before and after the implementation of this system. Physicians and nurses did not differ in their views towards CPOE except for the overview of patients' medication use that was not clear according to the nurses. Both professions were satisfied with the implementation process. CPOE could be improved especially with respect to technical aspects (including the medication overview) and decision support on drug-drug interactions. Conclusion Overall we conclude that physicians and nurses are positive about CPOE and the process of its implementation and do accept these systems. However, these systems should be further improved to fit into clinical practice.

Treatment of Extravasation from Parenteral Nutrition Solution

Abstract: OBJECTIVETo report two cases of parenteral nutrition extravasation and their treatment in adult patients.CASE SUMMARIES:Case 1: A 23-year-old white woman was admitted to our hospital diagnosed with a gastrointestinal infection by Salmonella paratyphi sv. B. The treatment included peripheral parenteral nutrition (osmolarity 652 mOsm/L). After 4 days an extravasation of parenteral nutrition was detected in the left antecubital fossa. The affected area soon became inflamed. Chondroitinsulfatase 150 turbidity-reducing units (TRUs), diluted in 3 mL of NaCl 0.9% and administered in six subcutaneous applications around the area, was prescribed. The treatment was successful. The patient was discharged several days later with no sequelae of the extravasation.Case 2A 33-year-old white woman was admitted to the intensive care unit after surgery for a necrohemorrhagic pancreatitis. The treatment included parenteral nutrition via a central catheter (osmolarity 2130 mOsm/L). Two days later the patient presented a paren...